Figure 1. Characteristics of study participants and experimental design.

A) Distribution of total HIV DNA in Fiebig stage III participants in RV254 at week 48 after ART initiation and their categorization into three groups based on reservoir size. B) Selected participants from Fiebig stage III with extreme reservoir size phenotypes (undetectable = below LOD and detectable = high) of cell-associated total HIV DNA in the RV254 Thai discovery cohort (n=14). Significance was determined by the Mann-Whitney U test. C) Total HIV DNA decay between weeks 0 (AHI) and 48 (after ART initiation). D) Phenotypes of participants comprising the detectable versus undetectable reservoir size categories. Mean values are shown for each group, NS: not significant. E) Single-cell RNA-seq and multiparameter flow cytometry were performed on all 14 participants. Additional validation by scRNA-seq was performed in an independent AHI cohort from the USA (A5354) (n=38).