Figure 3. ODN-induced RIG-I activation is required for ODN protection against pneumonia.

(A) Rigi^–/– or wild-type littermates or (B) Wild-type or Tlr9^–/–;Rigi^–/– double-knockout mouse littermates were challenged with lethal doses of influenza A virus 24 hours after nebulized treatment with PBS, Pam2, or Pam2ODN. (C) Rigi^–/– or wild-type littermates were challenged with lethal doses of P. aeruginosa 24 hours after nebulized treatment with PBS or Pam2ODN. (D) Bacterial burden of the lungs in C compared by 1-way ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis method). *P < 0.01 vs. PBS-treated syngeneic mice, †P < 0.01 vs. Pam2ODN-treated knockout mice, ‡P < 0.01 vs. Pam2-treated syngeneic mice, all by log-rank test (Mantel-Cox method).