Table 7.

Inactivated vaccines against cattle anaplasmosis.

Form	Efficacy	Reference
Lyophilized highly infected RBCs in oil adjuvant and inoculated into susceptible hosts	Not a practical formulation due to high content of erythrocyte stroma.	(94, 197)
Inactivated preparations of purified initial bodies from bovine RBCs	The vaccine was not effective in immunized animals against a heterologous strain.	(198)
Vaccination with three strains that shared major surface proteins Msp1a and Msp4	Vaccinated animals that received the challenge with the homologous strain in the form of inoculum showed no protection and chemotherapy was required to prevent death. In contrast, animals that received the challenge by infected ticks (gradual infection), were protected against naturally tick-transmitted anaplasmosis.	(199, 200)