Table 8.

Live vaccines against cattle anaplasmosis.

Form	Efficacy	Reference
live virulent A. marginale paired with treatment premunition	Variable. Some vaccinated animals were infected with a delayed incubation period, while other animals showed no clinical signs after vaccination.	(201)
Virulent strains of A. marginale attenuated by passaging organisms in unnatural hosts (splenectomized sheep and deer)	Variable. The deer-passaged strain vaccine failed to induce solid protection in vaccinated animals while sheep-attenuated strains induced protection.	(201, 202)
Fresh or frozen infected RBCs with A. marginale strains of naturally low virulence	Induced a mild clinical syndrome in the immunized animals	(203, 204)