Table 1. Study population.

Clinical features	Patients with PKDL [n = 24]		Healthy controls [n = 17]
	Macular PKDL [n = 12]	Polymorphic PKDL [n = 12]
Age, years*	23.50 (14.00–30.50)	27.50 (19.25–39.75)	25.50 (3.10–30.50)
Sex (Male: Female)	7:5	8:4	9:8
History of VL	12/12 = 100%	12/12 = 100%	NA
Treatment during VL	SAG: 7/12 LAmB: 3/12 Unable to provide information: 2/12	SAG: 6/12 LAmB: 4/12 Unable to provide information: 2/12	NA
Lag period, years*	3.00 (2.00–7.50)	2.50 (1.00–18.00)	NA
Disease duration, years*	2.00 (1.00–5.00)	2.00 (1.00–4.00)	NA
Parasite load (parasites/μg genomic DNA)*	7653# (2423–150046) (10/12)	10575# (2213–474863) (10/12)	NA

Skin biopsies were collected from suspected cases of PKDL as described in materials and methods.

*Values are stated as median (IQR); Lag period is the interval between cure from VL and onset of features of PKDL; Disease duration is the time between the onset of PKDL and inclusion in this study.

^#Significance p<0.01 between parasite load of macular and polymorphic PKDL, VL: Visceral Leishmaniasis PKDL: Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, SAG: sodium antimony gluconate, LAmB: liposomal amphotericin B, NA: not applicable.