Table 5. Conceptual framework of findings.

How each actor may experience or enact testimonial injustice
Parents	HCPs	CYP
• Portrayed as gendered • Mothers presented as also having Long Covid • Parental accounts reported as unverified opinions • Parents report experiencing personal attacks in response to seeking care	• Rarity discourse portrays CYP with Long Covid as outliers • HCPs combats testimonial injustice when validating Long Covid in CYP • HCPs invalidates Long Covid through pathologisation avoidance and overpsychologisation • Often seen as contributing to negative healthcare experiences	• Lack of their accounts • Portrayed as formerly very able in an attempt to bolster authority
How all actors experience hermeneutical injustice
• Parents and CYP describe feelings of invisibility as Long Covid in CYP is often unrecognised and unverified • HCPs seen as uniformed • Issues with diagnosis • Long Covid in CYP validated or invalidated in relation to adult Long Covid