Table 3. OV infection status and other covariates stratified by suspected cholangiocarcinoma status (data presented as row percentage, except in the overall column).
| Covariates | Overall (N = 3,400) | Suspected CCA | No suspected CCA | Pearson x2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N = 274 | (%) | N = 3,126 | (%) | ||||
| Infection | ||||||||
| Opisthorchis viverrini | Negative | 397 (11.7) | 10 | 2.5 | 387 | 97.5 | 18.62*** | |
| Positive | 3,003 (88.3) | 264 | 8.8 | 2,739 | 91.2 | |||
| OV infection intensity | Non to light intensity | 2,130 (62.7) | 102 | 4.8 | 2,028 | 95.2 | 110.48*** | |
| Moderate intensity | 1,028 (30.2) | 119 | 11.6 | 909 | 88.4 | |||
| Heavy intensity | 242 (7.1) | 53 | 21.9 | 189 | 78.1 | |||
| Hepatitis B status | HBsAg- | 3,295 (96.9) | 264 | 8.0 | 3,031 | 92.0 | 0.31 | |
| HBsAg+ | 105 (3.1) | 10 | 9.5 | 95 | 90.5 | |||
| Health risk | ||||||||
| Obesity | lean | 1,873 (55.1) | 163 | 8.7 | 1,710 | 91.3 | 2.33 | |
| not lean | 1,527 (44.9) | 111 | 7.3 | 1,416 | 91.7 | |||
| T2DM | no | 3,093 (91.0) | 256 | 8.3 | 2,837 | 91.7 | 2.20 | |
| yes | 307 (9.0) | 18 | 5.9 | 289 | 94.1 | |||
| No. of PZQ cycles | Never | 2,029 (59.7) | 177 | 8.7 | 1,852 | 91.3 | 6.37* | |
| 1–2 times | 682 (20.1) | 39 | 5.7 | 643 | 94.3 | |||
| ≥ 3 times | 689 (20.3) | 58 | 8.4 | 631 | 91.6 | |||
| Lifestyle | ||||||||
| Smoking | Never smokers | 2,210 (65.0) | 171 | 7.7 | 2,039 | 92.3 | 0.88 | |
| Past or current | 1,190 (35.0) | 103 | 8.7 | 1,087 | 91.3 | |||
| Alcohol consumption | Less | 3,181 (93.6) | 258 | 8.1 | 2,923 | 91.9 | 0.18 | |
| ≥ 3 times per week | 219 (6.4) | 16 | 7.3 | 203 | 92.7 | |||
| Ever eaten raw fish | No | 409 (12.0) | 31 | 7.6 | 378 | 92.4 | 0.14 | |
| Yes | 2,991 (88.0) | 243 | 8.1 | 2,748 | 91.9 | |||
| Co-morbidity/Intermediate symptoms | ||||||||
| Liver cirrhosis | Absence | 3,343 (98.3) | 268 | 8.0 | 3,075 | 92.0 | 0.48 | |
| Presence | 57 (1.7) | 6 | 10.5 | 51 | 89.5 | |||
| Periductal fibrosis | Absence | 1,852 (54.5) | 84 | 4.5 | 1,768 | 95.5 | 68.15*** | |
| Presence (all stages) | 1,548 (45.5) | 190 | 12.3 | 1,358 | 87.7 | |||
| Fatty liver | Absence or mild | 3,045 (89.6) | 260 | 8.5 | 2,785 | 91.5 | 9.06*** | |
| Moderate or severe | 355 (10.4) | 14 | 3.9 | 341 | 96.1 | |||
| Gallbladder stones | Absence | 3,067 (90.2) | 237 | 7.7 | 2,830 | 92.3 | 4.64* | |
| Presence | 333 (9.8) | 37 | 11.1 | 296 | 88.9 | |||
| Gallbladder sludge | Absence | 3,148 (92.6) | 208 | 6.6 | 2,940 | 93.4 | 120.8*** | |
| Presence | 252 (7.4) | 66 | 26.2 | 186 | 73.8 | |||
| Cholecystectomy | No | 3,310 (97.4) | 259 | 7.8 | 3,051 | 92.2 | 9.24** | |
| Yes | 90 (2.7) | 15 | 16.7 | 75 | 83.3 | |||
| Clinical symptoms* | No | 3,068 (90.2) | 247 | 8.1 | 2,821 | 92.0 | 0.01 | |
| Yes | 332 (9.8) | 27 | 8.1 | 305 | 92.0 | |||
Notes. N indicates the number of participants; HBsAg–hepatitis B surface virus antigen; T2DM–type 2 diabetes mellitus; *clinical symptoms mentioned in method section; CCA: cholangiocarcinoma; PZQ: Praziquantel. OV–Opisthorchis viverrini; HBsAg–hepatitis B virus surface antigen; light OV infection intensity, EPG between 0 and 999; moderate, EPG between 999 and 10,000; and heavy, EPG>10,000
*p-value < 0.05
**p-value < 0.01
***p-value < 0.001