Table 1. Raw bibliometric characteristics.

^aOther non-sequential years were reported, but 2018 is only listed here. 

^bValue represents the percentage of combined first and last authorship.

NR, not reported; SD, standard deviation

Study Author and Year	Specialty	Match Year(s) Investigated	Sample Size, N	Publications, Mean (SD)	1st Author Publications, Mean (%)	Publications Related to Specialty, Mean (%)
Ngaage et al. 2020 [23]	Plastic Surgery	2013-2018	829	4.1 (6.3)	1.44 (35)	2.05 (50)
Oleck et al. 2020 [12]	Plastic Surgery	2018	133	4.25 (7.19)	NR	NR
Mellia et al. 2021 [8]	Plastic Surgery	2019-2020	301	2.43 (3.84)	0.85 (35)	1.31 (52)
Ngaage et al. 2020 [18]	Dermatology	2015-2017	1152	4.2 (NR)	2.06 (49)	3.02 (72)
Narang et al. 2021 [19]	Dermatology	2018a	379	4.69 (NR)	NR	3.33 (71.1)
Huang et al. 2022 [13]	Dermatology	2020	401	3.69 (3.7)	NR	NR
Karri et al. 2021 [22]	Dermatology	2018a	371	2.55 (0.35)	1.33 (52)	1.68 (66)
Ngaage et al. 2021 [16]	Orthopedic Surgery	2013-2017	3199	2.6 (6.6)	0.73 (28)	1.82 (70)
Campbell et al. 2016 [21]	Orthopedic Surgery	2013	566	1.28 (0.15)	0.39 (30.4)	0.93 (73)
Toci et al. 2020 [4]	Orthopedic Surgery	2017	565	1.6 (3.1)	0.42 (26)	0.83 (52)
Kashkoush et al. 2017 [5]	Neurosurgery	2016	206	3.76 (NR)	1.35 (36)	2.93 (78)
Wadhwa et al. 2020 [15]	Neurosurgery	2018a	216	5.54 (8.82)	2.05 (37)b	4.30 (77.6)
Thangamathesvaran et al. 2018 [17]	Otolaryngology	2016	222	1.74 (4.32)	NR	0.77 (44.3)
Bargoud et al. 2018 [11]	Ophthalmology	2015	340	1.23 (0.21)	0.37 (30)	0.66 (54)
Bigelow et al. 2021 [9]	Vascular Surgery	2015-2017	158	1.66 (2.39)	0.42 (25)	0.20 (12)
Warren et al. 2020 [10]	Urology	2017-2020	574	2.38 (4.19)	0.80 (33.6)b	1.05 (44.1)
Chandra et al. 2019 [14]	Interv. Radiology	2018	117	2.34 (0.41)	0.78 (33.2)	1.01 (43.1)
Huang et al. 2022 [20]	Radiation Oncology	2020	187	2.47 (2.88)	0.78 (31.6)	0.70 (28.3)