. 2024 Jun 28;54(6):359–373. doi: 10.4041/kjod24.016

Table 2.

Comparison of forces generated by direct printed 3D aligners of the 4 tested groups on lower canine, first premolar, and second premolar with attachment

Group	Force x-axis (median, IQR)	Statistics	Post-hoc analysis	Force y-axis (median, IQR)	Statistics	Post-hoc analysis	Force z-axis (median, IQR)	Statistics	Post-hoc analysis
#33
Group 1. Equi-margin^a	−0.13, 0.12	H = 3.091 df = 3 P = 0.378	abcd	−0.06, 0.50	H = 23.341 df = 3 P < 0.001^***	abcd	−0.44, 0.25	H = 41.125 df = 3 P < 0.001^***	abc^*
Group 2. 1-mm extened margin^b	−0.06, 0.11		abcd	−0.23, 0.15		abc^*	−0.68, 0.05		ab^*
Group 3. Equi-margin with 1-mm thickness and height^c	−0.10, 0.06		abcd	−0.08, 0.09		abc^*	−0.12, 0.10		ac^*
Group 4. Equi-margin with 1-mm reduced buccolingual width^d	−0.04, 0.10		abcd	0.08, 0.11		ad^*	0.05, 0.25		d^*
#34
Group 1. Equi-margin^a	−0.09, 0.39	H = 4.292 df = 3 P = 0.232	abcd	−0.02, 0.38	H = 13.109 df = 3 P = 0.004^**	acd^*	0.27, 0.66	H = 30.539 df = 3 P < 0.001^***	acd^*
Group 2. 1-mm extened margin^b	−0.08, 0.15		abcd	−0.25, 0.36		bd^*	0.96, 0.87		bd^*
Group 3. Equi-margin with 1-mm thickness and height^c	−0.04, 0.27		abcd	0.06, 0.32		acd^*	0.08, 0.12		ac^*
Group 4. Equi-margin with 1-mm reduced buccolingual width^d	0.02, 0.17		abcd	−0.12, 0.45		abcd	0.46, 0.72		ad^*
#35
Group 1. Equi-margin^a	0.06, 0.12	H = 4.608 df = 3 P = 0.203	abcd	0.07, 0.10	H = 29.138 df = 3 P < 0.001^***	ab^*	−0.44, 0.44	H = 25.564 df = 3 P < 0.001^***	abc^*
Group 2. 1-mm extened margin^b	0.13, 0.14		abcd	−0.004, 0.08		abc^*	−0.49, 0.12		abc^*
Group 3. Equi-margin with 1-mm thickness and height^c	0.08, 0.09		abcd	−0.05, 0.10		bc^*	−0.14, 0.50		abc^*
Group 4. Equi-margin with 1-mm reduced buccolingual width^d	0.10, 0.14		abcd	−0.17, 0.04		d^*	0.11, 0.55		d^*

The Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni correction was performed for post-hoc multiple comparisons.

Different letters among the groups indicate a statistically significant difference at adjusted P values < 0.05, according to post-hoc comparisons using the Bonferroni correction.

IQR, interquartile range.

*Statistically significant difference at adjusted P < 0.05; **statistically significant difference at adjusted P < 0.01; ***statistically significant difference at adjusted P < 0.001.