. 2024 Jun 28;54(6):359–373. doi: 10.4041/kjod24.016

Table 3.

Comparison of forces generated by direct printed 3D aligners of the 4 tested groups on lower canine, first premolar, and second premolar without attachment

Group	Force x-axis (median, IQR)	Statistics	Post-hoc analysis	Force y-axis (median, IQR)	Statistics	Post-hoc analysis	Force z-axis (median, IQR)	Statistics	Post-hoc analysis
#33
Group 1. Equi-margin^a	−0.16, 0.11	H = 26.759 df = 3 P < 0.001^***	abc^*	−0.18, 0.18	H = 9.238 df = 3 P = 0.026^*	abc^*	−1.09, 0.69	H = 30.185 df = 3 P < 0.001^***	ab^*
Group 2. 1-mm extened margin^b	−0.15, 0.10		abcd	−0.04, 0.71		abcd	−0.89, 0.11		ab^*
Group 3. Equi-margin with 1-mm thickness and height^c	−0.16, 0.05		abc^*	−0.06, 0.21		abcd	−0.33, 0.59		cd^*
Group 4. Equi-margin with 1-mm reduced buccolingual width^d	0.04, 0.27		bd^*	−0.01, 0.26		bcd^*	−0.45, 0.25		cd^*
#34
Group 1. Equi-margin^a	−0.18, 0.32	H = 18.749 df = 3 P < 0.001^***	ab^*	−0.11, 0.18	H = 12.708 df = 3 P = 0.005^**	abcd	−1.07, 0.98	H = 16.298 df = 3 P < 0.001^***	ab^*
Group 2. 1-mm extened margin^b	−0.08, 0.15		abcd	0.03, 0.16		abc^*	−0.92, 0.81		abcd
Group 3. Equi-margin with 1-mm thickness and height^c	0.04, 0.16		bcd^*	0.03, 0.61		abcd	−0.36, 0.92		bcd^*
Group 4. Equi-margin with 1-mm reduced buccolingual width^d	−0.05, 0.17		bcd^*	−0.26, 0.35		acd^*	−0.35, 0.48		bcd^*
#35
Group 1. Equi-margin^a	−0.21, 0.15	H = 19.189 df = 3 P < 0.001^***	abcd	−0.02, 0.25	H = 3.369 df = 3 P = 0.338	abcd	−1.07, 0.72	H = 29.942 df = 3 P < 0.001^***	ab^*
Group 2. 1-mm extened margin^b	−0.31, 0.17		abc^*	0.02, 0.17		abcd	−1.69, 0.72		ab^*
Group 3. Equi-margin with 1-mm thickness and height^c	−0.17, 0.49		abcd	0.07, 0.34		abcd	−0.43, 0.82		cd^*
Group 4. Equi-margin with 1-mm reduced buccolingual width^d	0.08, 0.32		acd^*	−0.03, 0.32		abcd	−0.34, 0.91		cd^*

The Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni correction was performed for post-hoc multiple comparisons.

Different letters among the groups indicate a statistically significant difference at adjusted P values < 0.05, according to post-hoc comparisons using the Bonferroni correction.

IQR, interquartile range.

*Statistically significant difference at adjusted P < 0.05; **statistically significant difference at adjusted P < 0.01; ***statistically significant difference at adjusted P < 0.001.