Table 2.

Parameters in our proposed model.

Symbol	Description	Value (USA)	Value (Pakistan)	Unit
β1	Per capita birth rate of susceptible adults	0.01192	0.029	yr −1
v 2	Transmission rate due to A3	1.55 × 10−10	0.0142	yr −1
r	Probability of vertical transmission from A2	0.40	0.40	D.L
ϵ	Probability of vertical transmission from A3	0.1	0.1	D.L
α	Disease-induced death rate	1/19	1/13	yr −1
μ1	Natural juvenile mortality rate	0.001541	0.0109	yr −1
μ2	Natural adult mortality rate	1/65.57	1/51.7536	yr −1
η	Maturation rate of juvenile population	1/13	1/15	yr −1
K	Carrying capacity of population	645.42	407.39	Million
μ	Natural mortality rate	1/78.57	1/66.7536	yr −1
m	Density-dependent death rate	$\frac{{\beta }_1-\mu }{K}$	$\frac{{\beta }_1-\mu }{K}$	yr −1

All parameters were either estimated using data or taken from different references. Here, D.L denotes that the unit is dimensionless.