Figure 3.

Vaccine-induced humoral and cellular memory. (A) Humoral memory against SARS-CoV-2 before and after vaccination. Anti-S IgG (black) and IgA (shaded) and anti-N IgG (white) were analysed. The results are based on the number of patients with positive serology. (B) Cellular memory against SARS-CoV-2 before and after vaccination analysed with an IFN-γ ELISpot assay. Each cohort was analysed independently by comparing the SFU under both basal (black dots) and SARS-CoV-2 peptide-stimulated (blue and red dots) conditions. Fisher’s exact test was applied in (A), while a paired one-way ANOVA was applied in (B). In all cases, p < 0.05 was considered significant (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001), while p < 0.10 was considered not significant (ns) but with a relevant trend (the exact p-value is shown).