Table 2.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs), pure lectins (PHA, PNA, SBA), and their conjugates (PHA-CHNPs, PNA-CHNPs, and SBA-CHNPs) using 400 µl of 0.25% glutaraldehyde against five strains of bacteria
| Tested bacteria | MIC (µg/ml) | MIC of standards (µg/ml) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHNPs | PHA | PHA-CHNPs | PNA | PNA-CHNPs | SBA | SBA-CHNPs | Gentamicin | Ciprofloxacin | |
| Escherichia coli ( −) | 48 | NI | 48 | NI | 96 | NI | 48 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Salmonella typhimurium ( −) | 12 | 96 | 48 | 24 | 12 | 12 | 96 | 24 | NI |
| Shigella sonnei ( −) | 48 | 96 | 48 | 48 | 24 | 24 | 96 | 24 | 3 |
| Enterococcus faecalis ( +) | 24 | 48 | 1.5 | 12 | 48 | 24 | 12 | 6 | 6 |
| Staphylococcus aureus ( +) | 48 | 48 | 24 | 12 | 48 | 48 | 24 | 3 | 3 |
MIC = the lowest concentration of antibacterial substance, lectin-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles, that inhibits the growth of bacteria. ( −) = Gram-negative bacteria, ( +) = Gram-positive bacteria
CHNPs chitosan nanoparticles, PHA phytohemagglutinin lectin, PNA peanut agglutinin, SBA soybean agglutinin, PHA-CHNPs phytohemagglutinin lectin–conjugated chitosan nanoparticles, PNA-CHNPs peanut agglutinin lectin–conjugated chitosan nanoparticles, SBA-CHNPs soybean agglutinin lectin–conjugated chitosan nanoparticles, NI no inhibition