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. 2024 Nov 27;9:237. doi: 10.1038/s41541-024-01030-8

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Overall, 175 individuals with no history of previous rabies vaccination were initially included. All individuals received post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using the Institut Pasteur du Cambodge (IPC) regimen. A Participants were divided into two groups, RABV-exposed group and RABV-unexposed group. Groups were based on the result of RABV diagnostic or observation of the dog involved in bite incident. Laboratory diagnosis was performed using Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test (DFAT) on brain necropsy samples, and observation for clinical rabies signs was done for 10 days quarantine. Equine rabies immunoglobulin (eRIG) was provided in addition to vaccine to RABV-exposed group and RABV-unexposed group with severe bite, dead or disappeared dog. B PEP was administered at day 0 (D0), day 3 (D3) and day 7 (D7) with or without additional eRIG on D0. Blood samples were collected at baseline (D0; before vaccine administration), at day 7 (D7; last day of vaccination session), day 14 (D14; one week after PEP completion), month 6 (M6), and month 12 (M12) after the initial PEP vaccination. This figure was created using BioRender.com.