Table 2.

Cognitive functions in adults with NF1 (N = 103) and the NF1-free comparison group (N = 38)

Cognitive functioning	NF1 N = 103			NF1-free controls N = 38
							95% confidence interval		Greenhouse-Geisser
	Mean raw score (SD)	z-score*	Cohen’s D	Mean raw score (SD)	F based on z-score	p-value	Lower	Upper	df	F	p-value
Overall									7.027	3.079	0.003
Estimated FSIQ	87.5 (13.6)	-0.77	0.80	98.8 (14.6)	18.298	< 0.0001	-0.957	-0.587
Immediate visuospatial recall	14.9 (7.4)	-0.94	0.93	21.7 (7.3)	23.660	< 0.0001	-1.132	-0.738
Visual short-term memory	5.9 (1.4)	-0.67	0.61	6.7 (1.2)	9.916	0.002	-0.890	-0.452
Multitasking	82.3 (71.4)	-0.21	0.24	65.2 (69.2)	1.635	0.203	-0.453	-0.050
Reaction time^	--	-0.23	0.26	--	2.339	0.128	-0.392	-0.077
Motor speed^	--	-0.21	0.18	--	0.747	0.389	-0.450	0.039
Working memory	13.2 (8.5)	-0.18	0.17	11.7 (8.9)	0.842	0.360	-0.361	0.020
Planning	9.98 (3.0)	-0.39	0.36	11.0 (2.7)	3.381	0.068	-0.602	-0.171
Planning time	14.1 (6.7)	0.01	0.01	14.2 (12.6)	0.008	0.931	-0.145	0.123
Sustained attention	0.86 (0.06)	-0.68	0.54	0.89 (0.05)	9.662	0.002	-0.904	-0.455

SD: standard deviation; FSIQ, full-scale intelligence quotient

*NF1-free comparison cohort as the base, with a mean of 0 and SD = 1

^ No mean raw scores are presented because the subtests were merged by z-scores