Table 3.

Baseline and post-surgery serum amino acid profiles (umol/L) and the GSG index

	Baseline	Post-surgery	p-value*
Glycine	212.9 ± 47.5	249.6 ± 34.3	0.078
Serine	142.4 ± 33.3	134.6 ± 26.0	0.605
Threonine	111.7 ± 30.5	89.3 ± 30.3	0.137
Alanine	495.8 ± 122.7	442.4 ± 118.5	0.155
Aspartic acid	15.7 ± 4.1	12.1 ± 3.0	0.037
Asparagine	87.3 ± 12.5	78.0 ± 13.2	0.136
Glutamic acid	83.0 ± 28.6	55.9 ± 16.1	0.014
Glutamine	1276.4 ± 79.7	1302.2 ± 211.3	0.764
Histidine	90.8 ± 86.2	8.7 ± 6.1	0.278
Phenylalanine	79.0 ± 10.3	62.8 ± 8.4	0.002
Tyrosine	78.8 ± 17.3	64.2 ± 9.7	0.004
Tryptophan	58.2 ± 12.1	51.8 ± 6.8	0.153
Leucine	192.4 ± 31.7	121.4 ± 23.7	0.001
Isoleucine	116.0 ± 16.6	79.5 ± 19.4	0.002
Valine	414.7 ± 42.2	267.0 ± 51.3	<0.001
Methionine	29.8 ± 5.6	27.0 ± 4.1	0.232
Arginine	113.7 ± 18.3	126.4 ± 22.4	0.012
Ornithine	83.3 ± 27.5	70.6 ± 11.5	0.085
Citrulline	32.5 ± 7.1	35.3 ± 7.6	0.267
Proline	261.3 ± 63.7	213.2 ± 48.5	0.005
GSG index	0.272 ± 0.03	0.157 ± 0.05	0.001

Data presented as mean ± SD

SD: standard deviation. Bolded p values indicate statistical significance (p <0.05).

^*p values obtained by paired Student’s t-test