Table 2.
Comparison of different recent cases of EC complicated with bladder rupture and their management published from 2012 to 2023.
| Age | Sex | History of DM | Complications/ comorbidities | Microbiology | Management | Prognosis | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 60 years | M | Type 2 DM | Bilateral hydronephrosis and emphysematous pyelitis | E. coli | Antibiotic treatment, partial cystectomy, cystorrhaphy and catheterization | Survived (discharged on postoperative day 4) | Hudnall et al. (18) (2019) |
| 55 years | F | None | Postoperative prolapsed intervertebral disc at L3–L4 region (history of urethral catheter) | E. coli | Antibiotic treatment, cystorrhaphy and catheterization | Survived (discharged after 8 days) | Velhal et al. (19) (2021) |
| 84 years | M | None | Mesangial-proliferative glomerulonephritis (history of PD), BPH, hypertension and RA | E. coli | Antibiotic treatment, bladder irrigation, and catheterization | Survived (discharged after 10 days) | Okello et al. (20) (2021) |
| 78 years | F | None | Parkinson’s Disease | E. coli | Antibiotic treatment, cystorrhaphy and catheterization | Survived (discharged on postoperative day 12) | Becker et al. (21) (2023) |
| 64 years | M | None | BPH (history of a long-term urethral catheter) and hypertension | Negative | Empirical treatment and catheterization | Survived (discharged after 11 days) | Keeling et al. (22) (2021) |
| 32 years | F | None | History of vacuum-assisted vaginal delivery before 5 days | Enterococcus faecium and Acinetobacter baumannii | Antibiotic treatment, bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy | Survived (discharged after 2 months) | Viswanathan et al. (23) (2012) |
| 74 years | F | None | NR | NR | Antibiotic treatment and catheterization | Survived (spontaneous healing of the bladder wall after 1 week) | Roels et al. (24) (2016) |
| 80 years | F | None | Terminal MS and intracerebral hemorrhage | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Antibiotic treatment and bladder irrigation | Survived (discharged after 22 days) | Kawahigashi et al. (25) (2023) |
| 86 years | M | None | PAD and gangrene of the anterior abdominal wall | Morganella morganii | Antibiotic treatment and total cystectomy | Survived, but with a history of PE about 20 days postoperatively | Kouiss et al. (5) (2023) |
| 70 years | F | Type 2 DM for 15 years | Generalized peritonitis | E. coli | Antibiotic treatment, cystorrhaphy and catheterization | Survived (discharged after 1 week) | Eghbali et al. (26) (2022) |
| 80 years | F | Type 2 DM | Sepsis | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Antibiotic treatment, partial cystectomy and urine drainage | Survived (discharged after 2 months) | Zhang et al. (13) (2020) |
| 68 years | F | Type 2 DM | PAD, CAD, AS | Candida glabrata | Antibiotic treatment, DKA protocol and catheterization | Died (after a 22-day stay) | Sapkalova et al. (6) (2023) |
EC, emphysematous cystitis; DM, diabetes mellitus; M, male; F, female; E. coli, Escherichia coli; PD, peritoneal dialysis; BPH, benign prostate hypertrophy; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; NR, not recorded; MS, myelodysplastic syndrome; PAD, peripheral artery disease; PE, pulmonary embolism; CAD, coronary artery disease; AS, atherosclerosis; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis.