Table 3. Clinical Outcomes According to the HO on Computed Tomography.
| Variable | Heterotopic ossification on computed tomography | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No HO (n = 7) | Yes HO (n = 23) | |||
| Age (yr) | 75.0 ± 5.0 | 73.2 ± 6.5 | 0.517 | |
| Sex | 1.000 | |||
| Male | 1 | 6 | ||
| Female | 6 | 17 | ||
| Primary diagnosis | 0.886 | |||
| CTA or MRCT | 4 | 15 | ||
| Proximal humerus Fx | 2 | 4 | ||
| Chronic shoulder D/L with glenoid bone loss | 1 | 2 | ||
| Osteoarthritis | 0 | 2 | ||
| Implant system | 0.962 | |||
| Ascend Flex | 4 | 12 | ||
| DJO | 1 | 5 | ||
| Equinoxe Eactech | 1 | 4 | ||
| Aqualis Fx stem | 1 | 2 | ||
| Follow-up period (mo) | 21.0 ± 5.1 | 24.9 ± 13.9 | 0.478 | |
| VAS pain score | 2.2 ± 2.0 | 2.3 ± 1.8 | 0.939 | |
| ASES score | 86.8 ± 9.1 | 84.5 ± 12.8 | 0.661 | |
| UCLA score | 30.4 ± 2.1 | 27.0 ± 6.8 | 0.045* | |
| SF-36 MCS | 72.0 ± 12.0 | 69.0 ± 16.2 | 0.661 | |
| SF-36 PCS | 70.7 ± 9.5 | 57.6 ± 21.8 | 0.034* | |
| FF | 118.5 ± 19.7 | 134.7 ± 24.5 | 0.123 | |
| ER | 54.2 ± 16.1 | 50.0 ± 25.3 | 0.678 | |
| IR | 4.2 ± 1.8 | 4.8 ± 2.7 | 0.604 | |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
HO: heterotopic ossification, CTA: cuff tear arthropathy, MRCT: massive rotator cuff tear, Fx: fracture, D/L: dislocation, VAS: visual analog score, ASES: American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, UCLA: University of California, Los Angeles score, SF-36 MCS: short-form 36-item mental component score, SF-36 PCS: short-form 36-item physical component score, FF: forward flexion, ER: external rotation, IR: internal rotation.
*Statistically significant.