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. 2024 Nov 15;15:1408224. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1408224

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Copyright © 2024 Jin, Kosa and Bielekova.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Experimental design summary. (1) From 5/2019 to 12/2021, individuals of varying diagnostic status were seen. (2) Patients underwent a full neurological examination, yielding NeurEx and disability scale scores. (3) Patients also received brain and spinal cord MRI which were rated semi-quantitatively. (4) Patients completed digital tests, including the short walk and foot tapping tests. (5) Finally, patients completed a timed 25-foot walk. (6) and (7) MS patients were assigned to either a training cohort or validation cohort. (8) Digital biomarkers were extracted from the short walk and foot tapping tests. (9) Only biomarkers with test-retest reliability were kept. (10) These reliable biomarkers were correlated against clinical and imaging outcomes. (11) and (12) These features were next used to build elastic net models of relevant clinical outcomes. (13) Finally, the performance of these models was evaluated in the independent validation cohort.