Table 1.

Default parameter settings of the compared algorithms.

Algorithms	Default settings
PSO	Inertia weight = Linear decrease from 0.9 to 0.1; Velocity range = 0.1 times the variable range, Cognitive and social factors
DE	Scaling factor = 0.5, Crossover probability = 0.5
GWO	Convergence parameter (a) Linear reduction from 2 to 0
SSA	ST = 0.8
LCAHA