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. 2024 Nov 28;14:29597. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-81168-6

Table 11.

Optimized parameters and optimal function value for FC5.

Algorithm PSO DE GWO SSA LCAHA
Inline graphic −0.8532 −1.1566439 −1.0820397 −1.053271 −0.9278477
Inline graphic 0.0022116 0.0027746 0.0027521 0.0026125 0.0021138
Inline graphic 5.985E−05 0.000036 5.009E−05 4.626E−05 3.716E−05
Inline graphic −0.0001699 −0.0001697 −0.0001707 −0.0001699 −0.0001697
Inline graphic 14 14 14 14.000932 14
Inline graphic 0.0008 0.0008 0.0007991 0.0008 0.0008
B 0.0173905 0.0173175 0.0171092 0.017288 0.0173175
Min 0.2838483 0.2837738 0.283985 0.2837802 0.2837738
Max 0.2913425 0.3799 0.3282903 0.2838328 0.2837738
Mean 0.287139 0.3057825 0.2984292 0.2838051 0.2837738
Std 0.0035844 0.0418689 0.0180626 2.354E−05 1.587E−14
RT 3.0138436 5.2500994 2.4247824 4.9669823 2.3362759
FR 4 3 4.4 2.6 1