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. 2024 Nov 28;14:29623. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-81029-2

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Jitter increases both total and noise entropy and results positive impact to increase information rate at relatively homogenous neurons in the analysis population. (A) Population information as a function of STTC_Output with different jitter with α_jitter ranging from 0 to 5 for STTCs_Input of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 (shown at top with different colors). For each plot in the same color, different tint levels indicate various network sizes; the darkest and the lightest (i.e., top and bottom) curves are for n = 15 and n = 1, respectively. (Bi) Same as A but for n = 15 only. (Bii) Change of information after introducing α_jitter of 5: 1-[(information rate with jitters)/(information rate without jitters)] was plotted for STTCs_Input. Data points above/below the dashed horizontal line indicate gain/loss in information by the added jitter. (Ci) Total and (Cii) noise entropy as a function of α_jitter ranging from 0 to 5 for STTCs_Input of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9.