Table 1.
Demographics and Comorbidities of Children With High Risk OSA by Age Group
| Age 0‐2, y | Age 2‐5, y | Age 5‐12, y | Age 12‐18, y | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, N (%) | 33 (11) | 132 (43) | 95 (31) | 47 (15) | ‐ |
| Males, N (%) | 18 (55) | 79 (60) | 61 (64) | 36 (76) | .15 |
| Race | |||||
| White/Caucasian | 8 (24) | 28 (21) | 16 (17) | 7 (15) | .009 |
| Black/African‐American | 19 (58) | 53 (40) | 23 (24) | 18 (38) | |
| Hispanic | 6 (18) | 45 (34) | 52 (55) | 19 (40) | |
| Other | 0 | 6 (4.5) | 4 (4.2) | 3 (6.4) | |
| Trisomy 21 | 1 (3.0) | 9 (6.8) | 4 (4.2) | 2 (4.3) | .73 |
| Cardiac disease | 4 (12) | 9 (6.8) | 6 (6.3) | 1 (2.1) | .36 |
| Asthma | 3 (9.1) | 27 (20) | 11 (12) | 10 (21) | .16 |
| Craniofacial | 3 (9.1) | 6 (4.6) | 2 (2.1) | 0 | .13 |
| MPS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ‐ |
| Sickle cell disease | 1 (3.0) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.1) | 0 | .58 |
| Neuromuscular disease | 7 (21) | 9 (6.8) | 5 (5.3) | 2 (4.3) | .02 |
| Achondroplasia | 1 (3.0) | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 0 | .36 |
| BMI z score, mean (SD) | 0.9 (1.8) | 1.1 (2.2) | 2.4 (1.2) | 2.5 (0.8) | <.001 |
| BMI% 95th, mean (SD) | ‐ | 133 (25) | 134 (23) | 134 (24) | .92 |
| Sleep efficiency | 76.7 (15.3) | 83.4 (43.7) | 80.1 (12.7) | 76.8 (12.5) | .50 |
| oAHI | 28.1 (26.7) | 33.6 (25.0) | 36.0 (22.3) | 47.4 (28.8) | .003 |
| CAI | 1.6 (2.6) | 0.8 (1.0) | 0.6 (1.1) | 0.9 (2.1) | .01 |
| O2 nadir | 71.7 (8.2) | 71.7 (9.3) | 75.3 (9.9) | 77.2 (9.3) | .001 |
| TST O2 <90% | 21.4 (30.8) | 23.8 (30.5) | 20.7 (27.4) | 20.0 (31.6) | .83 |
| TST O2 <88% | 9.7 (14.3) | 13.1 (18.1) | 10.6 (14.7) | 10.8 (18.4) | .58 |
| TST O2 <80% | 2.6 (5.1) | 4.5 (9.1) | 3.4 (7.4) | 2.7 (7.6) | .44 |
| Peak CO2 | 52.3 (5.7) | 53.2 (7.6) | 53.0 (4.9) | 52.4 (4.5) | .80 |
| % TST CO2 >50 mm Hg | 6.8 (12.0) | 10.9 (19.4) | 9.0 (17.1) | 9.2 (18.9) | .64 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAI, central apnea index; MPS, mucopolysaccharidosis; oAHI, obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; SD, standard deviation; TST, total sleep time; %BMIp95, BMI as a percentage of the 95th percentile based on sex and age.