Fig. 2. Investigation of mutation correlations and cellular composition in NSCLC. (A) Correlation plot showing hierarchical clustering (H-clustering) order of mutations, segregating into three distinct groups. We designated mutation clusters 1 and 2 through this result. (B) Principal component analysis (PCA) plot and dendrogram using H-clustering confirming the grouping of mutations observed in (A), indicating similar features among the identified mutation groups. (C) The hierarchical clustering of the 21 clusters was based on the composition ratio of predicted cell types, categorizing clusters into three main groups. (D) PCA plot illustrating the resemblance in features among clusters belonging to plasma, DC/Macrophage, and the remaining cell types, as observed in (C). (E) Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering of the 41 clusters revealed three distinct NMF clusters. (F) Stacked bar plot visualizing the composition of 41 cluster assigned with cell type on each NMF-cluster. (G) Stacked bar plot visualizing the composition of NMF-clusters based on the types of mutations. (H) Bar plot visualizing the frequency of each cell type per mutation cluster. The x-axis represents different mutation clusters, while the y-axis represents the frequency of cell types. (I) Key results of cell proportions for the split clusters. Cluster 1 had a high proportion of T/NK and B cells, while cluster 2 had a high proportion of fibroblast, endothelial, plasma, and mast cells. NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; DC, dendritic cell.