Table 4.
Factors associated with crown dens syndrome among people classified as having CPPD disease
| Crowned dens syndrome | Odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 573) | Yes (n = 45) | Unadjusted | Model 1 a | Model 2 b | |
| Current age (y), mean (SD) | 74.1 (12 .0) | 73.5 (10.0) | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Female (ref) | 328 (57.2) | 18 (40.0) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Male | 245 (42.8) | 27 (60) | 2.01 (1.08–3.73) | 2.00 (1.07–3.73) | 2.35 (1.21–4.59) |
| Symptom duration, n (%) | |||||
| ≤2 y (ref) | 217 (37.9) | 17 (37.8) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| >2 y | 356 (62.1) | 28 (62.2) | 1.00 (0.54–1.88) | 1.06 (0.56–1.99) | 0.84 (0.42–1.68) |
| Acute arthritis | |||||
| Knee, n (%) | |||||
| No (ref) | 183 (31.9) | 20 (44.4) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 390 (68.0) | 25 (55.6) | 0.59 (0.32–1.08) | 0.58 (0.31–1.08) | 0.60 (0.29–1.24) |
| Wrist, n (%) | |||||
| No (ref) | 280 (48.9) | 23 (51.1) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 293 (51.1) | 22 (48.9) | 0.91 (0.50–1.68) | 0.96 (0.52–1.78) | 0.60 (0.28–1.28) |
| No. of acute inflammatory arthritis episodes, n (%) | |||||
| 0 (ref) | 12 (2.1) | 4 (8.9) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 254 (44.3) | 16 (35.6) | 0.19 (0.05–0.65) | 0.15 (0.04–0.53) | 0.22 (0.05–0.94) |
| >1 | 307 (53.6) | 25 (55.6) | 0.24 (0.07–0.81) | 0.19 (0.05–0.65) | 0.33 (0.07–1.49) |
| Persistent inflammatory arthritis, n (%) | |||||
| No (ref) | 280 (48.9) | 23 (51.1) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 293 (51.1) | 22 (48.9) | 1.86 (0.99–3.50) | 1.89 (1.00–3.57) | 1.91 (0.95–3.85) |
| Metabolic or familial predisposition, n (%) | |||||
| No (ref) | 415 (72.4) | 35 (77.8) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 158 (27.6) | 10 (22.2) | 0.75 (0.36–1.55) | 0.79 (0.38–1.63) | 0.92 (0.42–1.99) |
| 2/3 MCPJ OA, n (%) | |||||
| No (ref) | 419 (73.1) | 34 (75.6) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 154 (26.7) | 11 (24.4) | 0.88 (0.44–1.78) | 0.91 (0.45–1.85) | 0.56 (0.24–1.32) |
| Any STTJ OA, n (%) | |||||
| No (ref) | 433 (75.6) | 27 (60.0) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 140 (24.4) | 158 (25.6) | 2.06 (1.10–3.86) | 2.23 (1.18–4.24) | 2.71 (1.22–6.05) |
| Any wrist OA, n (%) | |||||
| No (ref) | 398 (69.5) | 31 (68.9) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 140 (24.4) | 14 (31.1) | 1.03 (0.53–1.98) | 1.08 (0.55–2.11) | 0.63 (0.27–1.46) |
| Any SLAC wrist, n (%) | |||||
| No (ref) | 532 (92.8) | 572 (92.6) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 41 (7.2) | 46 (7.4) | 1.62 (0.61–4.33) | 1.62 (0.60–4.36) | 1.46 (0.49–4.37) |
| Number of joints with CC, mean (SD) | 2 (1–4) | 3 (2–4) | 1.33 (1.07–1.65) | 1.37 (1.10–1.71) | 1.46 (1.15–1.85) |
Statistically significant associations are shown in bold typeface. CC, chondrocalcinosis; CI, confidence interval; CPPD, calcium pyrophosphate deposition; MCPJ, meta‐carpo‐phalangeal joint; OA, osteoarthritis; ref, reference; SLAC, scapho‐lunate advanced collapse; STTJ, scapho‐trapezo‐trapezoid joint.
Adjustment for age and sex.
Adjustment for all covariates: current age (years), gender, symptom duration (>2 or ≤2 years), acute knee arthritis (yes/no), acute wrist arthritis (yes/no), only one or recurrent acute episodes, persistent inflammatory arthritis (yes/no), metabolic or familial predisposition (yes/no), MCPJ OA (yes/no), STTJ OA (yes/no), wrist OA (yes/no), SLAC wrist (yes/no), and number of joints with CC.