Figure 1.

Activation of the cGAS-STING pathway via the detection of pathogenic or endogenous nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). This leads to production of type I interferons via phosphorylation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Simultaneously, the NF-κB pathway is activated, which mediates the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-6. Created with Biorender.com.