Table 3.
Additional information on study quality and personal evaluation
| Author, year (Country) | Board-approved or Informed Consent | The study reported blinding or potential bias | Personal evaluation | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jasinevicius et al. 2004 (USA) | Yes | The trainers were not informed whether the students had received virtual surgery training. | N/A | [39] |
| von Sternberg et al. 2007 (Germany) | No | Authors who were blind to the identity of the grouping visually evaluated the preparations; participants received a monetary stipend at the end of the study, without prior knowledge | Self-assessment by the students | [40] |
| Kim-Berman et al. 2019 (USA) | No | Students were given extra credit in the preclinical dental anatomy continuation course for participating | Post survey questionnaire | [41] |
| Zorzal et al. 2020 (Brazil) | Yes | - |
Post survey questionnaire SUS questionnaire |
[42] |
| Reymus et al. 2020 (Germany) | Yes | - |
Post survey questionnaire Issues with interacting with VR |
[43] |
| Mahrous et al. 2021 (USA) | Yes | - | Post survey questionnaire | [44] |
| Kim-Berman et al. 2023 (USA) | Yes | - | Post survey questionnaire | [45] |
| Alsufyani et al. 2023 (Saudi Arabia) | Yes | - | Post survey questionnaire | [46] |
| Samuel et al. 2024 (USA) | Yes | Participants self-selected into the study, possibly influencing motivation. Different levels of prior clinical experience between study and control groups could influence outcomes. | Self-Reported Confidence Levels | [47] |