Table 1.
Preoperative characteristics of patients in the three groups
| 40° ≤ HVA < 50° (n = 44) |
50° ≤ HVA < 60° (n = 30) |
HVA ≥ 60° (n = 19) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Age (y) (median, IQR) |
67.9 ± 11.2 (69, 61–75) |
66.5 ± 9.9 (68.5, 63.25-71) |
67.5 ± 11.8 (68, 62.5–73.5) |
N.S. |
| Male : Female (N) | 2:42 | 0:30 | 1:18 | N.S. |
| RA : Non-RA | 34:10 | 28:2 | 14:5 | N.S. |
|
RA disease duration (year) (median, IQR) |
21.6 ± 10.2 (20, 14–29) |
21.5 ± 12.7 (20, 12.5–30) |
24.7 ± 13.2 (27, 15–35) |
N.S. |
| Prednisolone usage (%) | 26.5 | 14.3 | 21.4 | N.S. |
|
Prednisolone dosage (mg/day) (median, IQR) |
1.1 ± 2.1 (0, 0–1) |
0.67 ± 1.4 (0, 0–0) |
1.0 ± 1.9 (0, 0-0.75) |
N.S. |
| Methotrexate usage (%) | 76.5 | 78.5 | 71.4 | N.S. |
| Biologics usage (%) | 26.5 | 25.0 | 28.5 | N.S. |
|
DAS28-CRP score (median, IQR) |
2.9 ± 0.93 (3.0, 2.29–3.43) |
2.9 ± 0.91 (2.9, 2.25–3.3) |
3.2 ± 0.81 (3.08, 2.78–3.21) |
N.S. |
|
Follow-up period (months) (median, IQR) |
53.8 ± 22.6 (60, 36–72) |
42.1 ± 24.6 (30, 25-58.75) |
37.9 ± 16.0 (27, 26-49.5) |
** |
|
HVA (°) (median, IQR) |
43.9 ± 2.9 (44, 41–46) |
54.0 ± 2.6 (54.5, 52–56) |
68.6 ± 10.3 (66, 61.5–68) |
†††, ***, §§§ |
|
M1-M2A (°) (median, IQR) |
15.5 ± 4.5 (15, 12–19) |
14.6 ± 3.9 (14, 12-16.25) |
15.9 ± 3.0 (15, 13.5–17) |
N.S. |
|
M1-M5A (°) (median, IQR) |
36.6 ± 6.0 (36, 32–41) |
35.8 ± 6.7 (37.5, 29.75–40.75) |
36.9 ± 4.6 (36, 33.5–39) |
N.S. |
|
M2-M5A (°) (median, IQR) |
21.0 ± 5.3 (20, 16–23) |
21.2 ± 6.2 (22, 16.25-26) |
20.9 ± 3.7 (21, 19-23.5) |
N.S. |
|
TCA (°) (median, IQR) |
4.8 ± 6.1 (5, 1–8) |
7.9 ± 6.5 (7, 3–12) |
2.5 ± 4.8 (1, 0-6.5) |
§§ |
|
Talo-1st metatarsal angle (°) (median, IQR) |
7.7 ± 10.7 (5, 0–14) |
7.4 ± 13.5 (7.5, 1.25–13.75) |
5.6 ± 7.8 (5, 0–10) |
N.S. |
|
Calcaneal pitch angle (°) (median, IQR) |
16.0 ± 4.5 (15, 13–18) |
16.2 ± 6.4 (15, 12.25–18.5) |
16.7 ± 6.4 (19, 12.5–20) |
N.S. |
|
Loading point index (median, IQR) |
0.56 ± 0.27 (0.58, 0.37–0.76) |
0.63 ± 0.20 (0.611, 0.47–0.74) |
0.46 ± 0.24 (0.58, 0.37–0.76) |
N.S. |
Data are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise noted
Differences between the groups were determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Mann-Whitney U-test, or the chi-squared test. (p < 0.05)
** 40° ≤ HVA < 50° vs. 60° ≤ HVA, P < 0.01
*** 40° ≤ HVA < 50° vs. 60° ≤ HVA, P < 0.001
††† 40° ≤ HVA < 50° vs. 50° ≤ HVA < 60°, P < 0.001
§§ 50° ≤ HVA < 60° vs. HVA ≥ 60°, P < 0.01
§§§ 50° ≤ HVA < 60° vs. HVA ≥ 60°, P < 0.001
N.S.; not significant, HVA; hallux valgus angle, IQR; Interquartile Range, DAS; disease activity score, RA; rheumatoid arthritis, M1-M2A; intermetatarsal angle between first and second metatarsals, M1-M5A; intermetatarsal angle between first and fifth metatarsals, M2-M5A: intermetatarsal angles between the second and fifth metatarsals, TCA; tibio-calcaneal angle