Table 4.

Changes in radiographic parameters in the forefoot and distributions of medial sesamoid position (hardy grade)

40° ≤ HVA < 50°	Preop.	1 mo. Postop.	Final follow-up
HVA (median, IQR)	43.9 ± 2.9 (44, 41–46)	8.4 ± 7.3*** (8, 4–13)	9.2 ± 11.0*** (10, 1–16)
M1-M2A (median, IQR)	15.5 ± 4.5 (15, 12–19)	6.9 ± 4.5*** (6, 4–9)	6.3 ± 4.6*** (5, 3–8)
M1-M5A (median, IQR)	36 ± 6.0 (36, 32–41)	20.9 ± 6.0*** (19, 17–24)	19.8 ± 6.3*** (19, 15–23)
Hardy grade
1 to 4 (N)	2	38#	36 (81.8%)#
5 to 7 (N)	42	6#	8 (18.2%)#
50° ≤ HVA < 60	Preop.	1 mo. Postop.	Final follow-up
HVA (median, IQR)	54.0 ± 2.6 (54.5, 52–56)	9.5 ± 5.6*** (7.5, 5.25-13)	9.2 ± 7.8*** (8.5, 4.5-12.75)
M1-M2A (median, IQR)	14.6 ± 3.9 (14, 12-16.25)	5.6 ± 3.3*** (5, 4–7)	5.8 ± 4.4*** (4.5, 3–10)
M1-M5A (median, IQR)	35.8 ± 6.7 (37.5, 29.75–40.75)	18.8 ± 7.0*** (18.5, 15-22.5)	18.2 ± 5.4*** (17, 14–22)
Hardy grade
1 to 4 (N)	2 (4.5%)	29 (96.7%)#	29 (96.7%)#
5 to 7 (N)	28 (95.5%)	1 (3.3%)#	1 (3.3%)#
HVA ≥ 60°	Preop.	1 mo. Postop.	Final follow-up
HVA (median, IQR)	68.6 ± 10.3 (66, 61.5–68)	10.4 ± 7.7*** (10, 4–16)	8.3 ± 12.1*** (9, 1-15.5)
M1-M2A (median, IQR)	15.9 ± 3.0 (15, 13.5–17)	6.7 ± 3.8*** (7, 5–8)	5.9 ± 3.5*** (6, 3.5–8.5)
M1-M5A (median, IQR)	36.9 ± 4.6 (36, 33.5–39)	20.3 ± 3.7*** (21, 17.25-23)	17.8 ± 5.2*** (16, 15-21.5)
Hardy grade
1 to 4 (N)	0 (0%)	18 (94.7%)#	17 (89.5%)#
5 to 7 (N)	19 (100%)	1 (5.3%)#	2 (10.5%)#

Data are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise noted. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Mann-Whitney U-test were used to test for differences between preoperative, 1 month postoperative and final follow-up data (*** p < 0.001). # A significant change compared with the preoperative proportion was detected using the McNemar test (p < 0.05)

HVA; hallux valgus angle, IQR; Interquartile Range, M1-M2A; intermetatarsal angle between first and second metatarsals, M1-M5A; intermetatarsal angle between first and fifth metatarsals