Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population by eGFRdiff Tertiles
| Parameters | T1 (n=329) | T2 (n=330) | T3 (n=330) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | 66.5±10.7 | 67.3±9.6 | 63.4±11.0 | <0.001 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 138 (41.9) | 176 (53.3) | 173 (52.4) | 0.005 |
| Body-mass index, kg/m2 | 24.7±3.3 | 24.8±3.5 | 24.5±3.2 | 0.673 |
| Current Smoker, n (%) | 56 (17.0) | 39 (11.8) | 45 (13.6) | 0.151 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 51 (15.5) | 31 (9.3) | 43 (13.0) | 0.060 |
| Duration after AF diagnosis, days | 450 (92, 1609) | 435 (90, 1578) | 495 (92, 1470) | 0.935 |
| Persistent atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 166 (50.4) | 144 (43.6) | 140 (42.4) | 0.083 |
| Previous medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 198 (60.2) | 178 (53.9) | 172 (52.1) | 0.092 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 68 (20.7) | 66 (20.0) | 70 (21.2) | 0.928 |
| Vascular disease | 46 (14.0) | 51 (15.5) | 45 (13.6) | 0.779 |
| Heart failure | 68 (20.7) | 46 (13.9) | 51 (15.5) | 0.052 |
| Previous stroke | 25 (7.6) | 23 (7.0) | 21 (6.4) | 0.824 |
| Dyslipidemia | 66 (20.1) | 75 (22.7) | 58 (17.6) | 0.256 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 13 (4.0) | 16 (4.8) | 7 (2.1) | 0.162 |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 5.4±1.2 | 5.6±1.7 | 5.6±1.4 | 0.231 |
| Brain natriuretic peptide, pg/mL | 160 (84, 311) | 108 (67, 237) | 108 (60, 210) | 0.391 |
| Creatinine, umol/L | 71.9±13.8 | 78.3±20.0 | 80.2±25.5 | <0.001 |
| Cystatin C, mg/L | 1.21±0.24 | 1.12±0.31 | 0.96±0.32 | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/dl | 39.4±3.8 | 40.0±4.1 | 39.9±5.3 | 0.165 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.16±1.02 | 4.31±1.06 | 4.17±0.99 | 0.105 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.47±0.96 | 1.44±0.81 | 1.44±0.91 | 0.899 |
| Imaging | ||||
| Left atrial diameter, mm | 42.0±5.5 | 41.1±5.5 | 41.0±5.8 | 0.055 |
| Left ventricular end diastolic diameter, mm | 46.2±5.0 | 45.4±4.6 | 46.2±4.8 | 0.110 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 58.8±5.9 | 60.0±5.0 | 59.3±5.6 | 0.020 |
| Medication at discharge, n (%) | ||||
| New oral anticoagulants | 264 (80.2) | 279 (84.5) | 271 (82.1) | 0.349 |
| Vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant | 49 (14.9) | 42 (12.7) | 47 (14.2) | 0.712 |
| Class III antiarrhythmic drugs | 232 (70.5) | 228 (69.1) | 226 (68.5) | 0.845 |
| Beta blocker | 51 (15.5) | 50 (15.2) | 57 (17.3) | 0.728 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 11 (3.3) | 13 (3.9) | 16 (4.8) | 0.614 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | 2.61±1.64 | 2.62±1.64 | 2.35±1.68 | 0.062 |
| APPLE score | 1.67±1.05 | 1.70±1.05 | 1.49±1.11 | 0.022 |
| eGFRCys | 61.1±13.8 | 68.5±16.8 | 84.7±21.5 | <0.001 |
| eGFRcr | 91.3±13.2 | 83.6±17.0 | 84.5±19.8 | <0.001 |
| eGFRdiff | −30.2±7.4 | −15.1±3.5 | 0.28±8.3 | <0.001 |
Notes: The eGFRdiff groups were stratified by the tertiles of the eGFRdiff: T1 (eGFRdiff ≤ −20.98), T2 (−20.98 < eGFRdiff ≤ −9.22) and T3 (eGFRdiff > −9.22). Vascular disease, denotes peripheral artery disease or coronary heart disease; APPLE score, calculated by age >65 years, Persistent AF, eGFRcr <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, Left atrial diameter ≥43mm, and Left ventricular ejection fraction <50%; eGFR ratio, eGFRdiff, eGFRcys-GFRcr. Data are presented as the mean ± SD, median (IQR), or n (%).
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; eGFRcys, estimated glomerular filtration rate based on cystatin C; eGFRcr, estimated glomerular filtration rate based on creatinine.