Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of the single low-dose nebulization delivery of PFCE-C25 NE activating lymph nodes and durably stimulating antitumor immunity in lung cancer.

The nebulization therapy using PFCE-C25 NEs successfully delivered the LAG-3–targeting therapeutic peptide (C25) to both in situ lung tumors and lung TDLNs, leading to the induction of robust antitumor immune responses and suppression of primary and distant tumor growth. The efficacy of ¹⁹F-MR targeting imaging with PFCE-C25 NEs additionally demonstrated the potential of PFCE-C25 NEs as an integrated platform for therapeutic and diagnostic applications in lung cancer nebulization therapy.