Table 3.
CIAN thematic analysis salience (N = 107)
| Thematic category | Theme | n (%) a |
|---|---|---|
| Helpful aspects of web-based advice | General helpfulness of web-based advice | 69 (64.5% of 107) |
| Helpful sleep-related information | 69 (64.5% of 107) | |
| New information from the web-based advice | 58 (54.2% of 107) | |
| Reminders of known information | 42 (39.3% of 107) | |
| Usefulness of web-based advice strategies | 38 (35.5% of 107) | |
| Web-based advice understandability | 28 (26.2% of 107) | |
| Helpful alcohol-related information | 25 (23.4% of 107) | |
| User-friendliness of web-based advice | 25 (23.4% of 107) | |
| Memorability of information | 9 (8.4% of 107) | |
| Unhelpful aspects of web-based advice | Lack of new information | 14 (13.1% of 107) |
| Irrelevance of information | 5 (4.7% of 107) | |
| Difficulty implementing strategies | 5 (4.7% of 107) | |
| Helpful aspects of biosensors | Ankle alcohol biosensor increased awareness | 36 (33.6% of 107) |
| General helpfulness of biosensor(s) | 35 (32.7% of 107) | |
| Sleep watch biosensor increased awareness | 33 (30.8% of 107) | |
| Neutral aspect of biosensors | Neutral aspect of biosensors | 65 (60.7% of 107) |
| Unhelpful aspects of biosensors | Burdensomeness of ankle alcohol biosensor | 22 (20.6% of 107) |
| Unhelpful without data feedback | 16 (15.0% of 107) | |
| Lack of behavior change | 12 (11.2% of 107) | |
| Burdensomeness of sleep watch biosensor | 8 (7.5% of 107) | |
| Stigma of ankle alcohol biosensor | 6 (5.6% of 107) | |
| Ankle alcohol biosensor increased drinking | 5 (4.7% of 107) | |
| Helpful aspects of smartphone diary self-monitoring | Increased mindfulness of sleep | 42 (53.8% of 78) |
| General helpfulness of self-monitoring | 38 (48.7% of 78) | |
| Increased mindfulness of alcohol use | 31 (39.7% of 78) | |
| New experience of self-monitoring | 22 (28.2% of 78) | |
| Ease of answering questions | 17 (21.8% of 78) | |
| Motivation to change behaviors | 10 (12.8% of 78) | |
| Neutral aspect of smartphone diary self-monitoring | Neutral aspect of self-monitoring | 13 (16.7% of 78) |
| Unhelpful aspects of smartphone diary self-monitoring | Challenges answering questions | 13 (16.7% of 78) |
| Lack of behavior change | 6 (7.7% of 78) | |
| Lack of new information | 6 (7.7% of 78) | |
| Helpful aspects of feedback on biosensor and smartphone diary data | Helpfulness of personalization | 45 (90.0% of 50) |
| General helpfulness of feedback | 29 (58.0% of 50) | |
| Helpful data presentations | 27 (54.0% of 50) | |
| Unhelpful aspects of feedback on biosensor and smartphone diary data | Lack of new information | 4 (8.0% of 50) |
| Most influential interventions | Feedback was most influential | 36 (72.0% of 50) |
| Web-based advice was most influential | 39 (36.4% of 107) | |
| Self-monitoring was most influential | 25 (32.1% of 78) | |
| Biosensors were most influential | 17 (15.9% of 107) | |
| Multiple things were helpful | 15 (14.0% of 107) | |
| Suggestions for interventions | Willing to wear more biosensors (watch) | 65 (60.7% of 107) |
| Want diet and exercise-related feedback | 63 (58.9% of 107) | |
| Willing to complete new smartphone diary self-monitoring questions | 60 (56.1% of 107) | |
| Want caffeine-related feedback | 53 (49.5% of 107) | |
| Want other potential feedback | 33 (30.8% of 107) | |
| Want environment-related feedback | 26 (24.3% of 107) | |
| Unwilling to add smartphone diary question and/or biosensor | 18 (16.8% of 107) | |
| Improvements for feedback | 5 (10.0% of 50) | |
| Improvements for smartphone diary self-monitoring | 6 (7.7% of 78) | |
| Improvements for biosensors | 8 (7.5% of 107) | |
| Improvements for web-based advice | 4 (3.7% of 107) |
Note. Theme salience (% of those who stated the theme) is based on the number of participants who answered the interview question that resulted in the theme. General questions and questions about the web-based advice and biosensors were asked of all 107 participants across trial groups. Questions about self-monitoring were asked of the 78 CIAN and A + SM group participants who completed the self-monitoring and the exit interviews. Questions about feedback were asked of the 50 CIAN participants who received feedback and completed the exit interview. aBold values indicate the most commonly expressed theme in a thematic category.