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. 2024 Nov 29;15:289. doi: 10.1186/s13244-024-01859-6

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Putative links among alterations in the gut microbiota, blood metabolites, and the brain of CD patients. a Sankey plot indicating microbial genera contributing to brain radiomics features in patients with CD, mediated by blood metabolites. All p-values of average causal mediation effects are either below 0.05 (*p < 0.05) or approaching it (p = 0.052–0.066). The height of the column reflects the sum of the related features and the absolute value of its correlation coefficient. The width of each band represents the correlation coefficient value, and the wider the band is, the greater the correlation coefficient. Yellow indicates a positive correlation, and blue indicates a negative correlation. b Illustration of the association between g_Veillonella and brain features (i.e., Ctx-Lh-Middle-Temporal CBF p90) mediated by TAG (45:0) in CD patients (p_ACME = 0.038). c Illustration of the association between g_Enterococcus and brain features. (Ctx-Lh-Caudal-Anterior-Cingulate-DKI-KFA std) in CD patients (p_ACME = 0.026). (ACME, average causal mediation effects; TAG, triacylglycerol; g, genus; ctx, cortex; lh, left head; CBF, cerebral blood flow; p90, 90th percentile; PI, phosphatidylinositol; g, genus; DKI, diffusion kurtosis imaging; KFA, kurtosis fractional anisotropy; std, standard deviation)