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. 2024 Nov 29;14:29720. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80986-y

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Overview of the Study Design. Schematic representation of the study workflow, encompassing serum sample collection, targeted metabolomics analysis using UPLC-MS/MS, and MR analysis to investigate causal relationships between amino acid levels and PCa risk.