Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the whole participants based on the SII in NHANES.
| Characteristics | Total (N = 57,500) | SII | p value | |||
| Low (N = 19,168) | Median (N = 19,165) | High (N = 19,167) | ||||
| Age (years) | 47.46 0.19 | 46.72 0.25 | 47.36 0.21 | 48.27 0.24 | 0.001 | |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.001 | |||||
| Male | 27,667 (48.12) | 10,244 (53.87) | 9251 (48.25) | 8172 (42.25) | ||
| Female | 29,833 (51.88) | 8924 (46.13) | 9914 (51.75) | 10,995 (57.75) | ||
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 0.001 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White people | 24,853 (43.22) | 6470 (60.37) | 8600 (69.11) | 9783 (72.40) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black people | 12,151 (21.13) | 5912 (16.53) | 3432 (8.91) | 2807 (7.51) | ||
| Mexican American people | 9676 (16.83) | 2910 (8.58) | 3393 (8.46) | 3373 (8.20) | ||
| Others | 10,820 (18.82) | 3876 (14.52) | 3740 (13.52) | 3204 (11.88) | ||
| Education level, n (%) | 0.001 | |||||
| Less than high school | 14,892 (25.9) | 5035 (16.41) | 4942 (15.29) | 4915 (15.96) | ||
| High school or equivalent | 13,367 (23.25) | 4298 (22.64) | 4423 (24.28) | 4646 (25.28) | ||
| College or above | 29,241 (50.85) | 9835 (60.95) | 9800 (60.43) | 9606 (58.77) | ||
| Family income to poverty ratio, n (%) | 0.003 | |||||
| 1 | 10,694 (18.6) | 3543 (12.94) | 3512 (12.58) | 3639 (13.34) | ||
| 1 & 3 | 21,976 (38.22) | 7288 (33.43) | 7134 (31.86) | 7554 (34.37) | ||
| 3 | 19,434 (33.8) | 6438 (46.11) | 6755 (48.13) | 6241 (44.95) | ||
| Unknown | 5396 (9.38) | 1899 (7.52) | 1764 (7.43) | 1733 (7.34) | ||
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.001 | |||||
| Never | 31,566 (54.9) | 10,921 (57.26) | 10,621 (55.58) | 10,024 (51.56) | ||
| Former | 14,185 (24.67) | 4611 (24.85) | 4661 (24.30) | 4913 (25.36) | ||
| Current | 11,749 (20.43) | 3636 (17.89) | 3883 (20.12) | 4230 (23.08) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | 0.001 | |||||
| 25.0 | 16,378 (28.48) | 5785 (32.51) | 5327 (28.40) | 5266 (27.71) | ||
| 25.0–29.9 | 19,971 (34.73) | 6853 (35.20) | 6730 (34.43) | 6388 (31.90) | ||
| 30.0 | 21,151 (36.78) | 6530 (32.28) | 7108 (37.17) | 7513 (40.40) | ||
| Physical activity, n (%) | 0.001 | |||||
| Sedentary | 15,904 (27.66) | 4921 (19.52) | 5147 (21.36) | 5836 (24.93) | ||
| Insufficient | 11,877 (20.66) | 3547 (16.34) | 3986 (18.53) | 4344 (21.03) | ||
| Moderate | 6566 (11.42) | 2105 (10.79) | 2235 (11.64) | 2226 (12.43) | ||
| High | 23,153 (40.27) | 8595 (53.35) | 7797 (48.46) | 6761 (41.61) | ||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 10,287 (17.89) | 3371 (12.58) | 3319 (13.43) | 3597 (15.69) | 0.001 | |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 40,912 (71.15) | 12,981 (65.61) | 13,899 (71.48) | 14,032 (72.13) | 0.001 | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 23,837 (41.46) | 7711 (33.97) | 7778 (36.01) | 8348 (40.62) | 0.001 | |
| CHF, n (%) | 1927 (3.35) | 575 (2.17) | 553 (2.00) | 799 (3.18) | 0.001 | |
| ASCVD, n (%) | 5910 (10.28) | 1841 (7.95) | 1855 (7.67) | 2214 (9.10) | 0.001 | |
Data are presented as weighted means SEs for continuous variables and unweighted numbers (weighted percentages) for categorical variables.
Abbreviations: ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; CHF, congestive heart failure; SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.