Figure 4.

Simulated data points for corticospinalfluid tau and hippocampal volume

Scatter plot of simulated data points, with one random time point selected for each initial configuration. Simulation time after baseline in years is color coded. At later time points, cognitive outcome tends to be worse and CSF tau and hippocampal volume are jointly altered under the AD biomarker cascade model. Randomly sampling one time point for each simulated subject from this distribtion may lead to the estimation of interaction effects between amyloid-PET and hippocampal volume that are driven by the underlying temporal dynamic rather than cognitive reserve. ADAS-cog, Alzheimer’s disease cognitive assessment scale.