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. 2024 Nov 26;19:12655–12674. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S489874

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© 2024 Lateef et al.

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ROS-generating potential of Bi₂O₃/RGO nanocomposites in two distinct mammalian cell lines. (a) ROS generation in NRK52E cells exposed to Bi₂O₃/RGO nanocomposites for 48 h. (b) ROS generation in HepG2 cells exposed to Bi₂O₃/RGO nanocomposites for 48 h. (c) Fluorescent microscopy images of ROS generation in NRK52E and HepG2 cells after exposure to 100 µg/mL of Bi₂O₃/RGO nanocomposites for 48 h. Quantitative data is represented as the mean±SD of three separate experiments (n=3). *Significantly different as compared to the control (p<0.05).