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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Nov 30.
Published in final edited form as: Subst Abus. 2019 Oct 22;41(4):485–492. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2019.1671946

Table 2:

Opioid Overdose Knowledge and Confidence in Teaching Scores

Pre-test Post-test Change Paired Sample t-test Effect size
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD T p value
Knowledge 1
Actions (out of 11) 10.17 0.92 10.63 0.59 0.47 1.03 −4.77 <0.001 0.608
Signs (out of 10) 7.57 1.51 9.06 1.14 1.49 1.48 −10.51 <0.001 1.328
Naloxone Use (out of 9) 6.68 1.95 8.72 0.51 2.05 1.95 −10.93 <0.001 1.144
Risks (Out of 8) 7.46 1.17 7.74 0.81 0.28 0.96 −3.08 0.003 0.271
Total (Out of 38) 31.87 3.51 36.16 1.72 4.28 3.33 −13.42 <0.001 1.47
Confidence in Teaching Others 2
Risk (out of 5) 3.24 1.18 4.59 0.55 1.36 1.12 −12.60 <0.001 1.398
Sign (out of 5) 3.23 1.14 4.65 0.50 1.42 1.12 −13.30 <0.001 1.537
Action (out of 5) 3.22 1.13 4.65 0.50 1.43 1.11 −13.48 <0.001 1.626
Naloxone use (out of 5) 2.95 1.22 4.70 0.48 1.74 1.24 −14.64 <0.001 1.829
What to do after giving naloxone (out of 5) 2.98 1.20 4.66 0.51 1.68 1.19 −14.79 <0.001 1.741
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD T p value
Total (1–5) 3.12 1.10 4.64 0.48 1.52 1.06 −14.90 <0.001 1.706
1

Our Train-the-Trainer Opioid Overdose Knowledge scale was revised from Williams et al., 2013 which contained 38 items with a total score range of 1–38 items.

2

The confidence questions based on 1–5 Likert scale were revised from Madah-Amiri et al., 2016. The total confidence score was a sum of the individual scores and calculated as a mean with a range of 1–5.