Table 1.
Characteristics of the surveys for secondhand smoke exposure based on data obtained from WHO GSHS between 2003 and 2021.
| Country | Survey year | Sample size | Response rate (%) | Boys (%) | Country income level** | Year WHO FCTC ratified*** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| African Region (AFR) | ||||||
| Benin | 2009 | 1,095 | 99.63 | 63.29 | L | 2005 |
| 2016 | 686 | 99.42 | 45.77 | L | ||
| Mauritius | 2007 | 1,783 | 98.71 | 48.12 | UM | 2004 |
| 2011 | 1,891 | 98.63 | 46.38 | UM | ||
| 2017 | 1,947 | 98.61 | 48.48 | UM | ||
| Seychelles | 2007 | 0,928 | 98.38 | 46.98 | UM | 2003 |
| 2015 | 1,518 | 97.17 | 46.57 | H | ||
| United Republic of Tanzania | 2006 | 1,217 | 98.44 | 53.99 | L | 2007 |
| 2014 | 2,154 | 98.75 | 46.61 | L | ||
| Region of the Americas (AMR) | ||||||
| Argentina | 2007 | 1,512 | 98.41 | 47.55 | UM | Not ratified |
| 2012 | 20,890 | 98.34 | 47.22 | UM | ||
| 2018 | 36,332 | 98.94 | 48.24 | UM | ||
| Guyana | 2004 | 1,052 | 99.62 | 40.49 | LM | 2005 |
| 2010 | 1,953 | 98.21 | 44.91 | LM | ||
| Jamaica | 2010 | 1,192 | 98.74 | 48.83 | UM | 2005 |
| 2017 | 1,054 | 98.48 | 45.45 | UM | ||
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 2007 | 1,029 | 99.22 | 46.16 | UM | 2010 |
| 2018 | 1,024 | 99.61 | 46.00 | UM | ||
| Suriname | 2009 | 956 | 99.06 | 47.59 | UM | 2008 |
| 2016 | 1,322 | 99.47 | 45.76 | UM | ||
| Trinidad and Tobago | 2007 | 2,095 | 98.57 | 49.26 | H | 2004 |
| 2011 | 1,836 | 98.42 | 54.47 | H | ||
| 2017 | 2,153 | 98.14 | 48.17 | H | ||
| Uruguay | 2006 | 2,372 | 99.66 | 45.36 | UM | 2004 |
| 2012 | 2,858 | 98.67 | 47.27 | H | ||
| Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) | ||||||
| Jordan | 2004 | 1,844 | 97.78 | 45.55 | LM | 2004 |
| 2007 | 1,631 | 97.18 | 56.41 | LM | ||
| Kuwait | 2011 | 2,254 | 99.02 | 49.29 | H | 2006 |
| 2015 | 1,990 | 94.32 | 45.98 | H | ||
| Morocco | 2006 | 1,866 | 98.55 | 48.93 | LM | Not ratified |
| 2010 | 1,997 | 99.00 | 51.53 | LM | ||
| 2016 | 3,262 | 97.92 | 52.21 | LM | ||
| United Arab Emirates | 2010 | 2,179 | 98.12 | 39.93 | H | 2005 |
| 2016 | 3,190 | 98.34 | 48.24 | H | ||
| South-East Asian Region (SEAR) | ||||||
| Indonesia | 2007 | 2,867 | 99.30 | 47.61 | LM | Not ratified |
| 2015 | 7,010 | 99.02 | 46.89 | LM | ||
| Maldives | 2009 | 1,971 | 97.16 | 44.04 | LM | 2004 |
| 2014 | 1,765 | 96.88 | 41.64 | UM | ||
| Myanmar | 2007 | 1,983 | 99.45 | 48.56 | LM | 2004 |
| 2016 | 1,957 | 99.49 | 46.96 | LM | ||
| Thailand | 2008 | 2,223 | 99.69 | 50.29 | LM | 2004 |
| 2015 | 3,492 | 97.74 | 47.31 | UM | ||
| 2021 | 3,621 | 99.48 | 45.32 | UM | ||
| Western Pacific Region (WPR) | ||||||
| Cook Islands | 2011 | 744 | 99.60 | 50.40 | Not classified | 2004 |
| 2015 | 363 | 99.17 | 49.31 | Not classified | ||
| Fiji | 2010 | 1,479 | 99.73 | 41.99 | LM | 2003 |
| 2016 | 1,525 | 98.03 | 50.23 | UM | ||
| Mongolia | 2010 | 3,129 | 99.20 | 44.14 | LM | 2004 |
| 2013 | 3,113 | 99.26 | 48.44 | LM | ||
| Niue | 2010 | 51 | 98.04 | 64.71 | UMIC | 2005 |
| 2019 | 68 | 100.00 | 50.00 | UMIC | ||
| Philippines | 2003 | 4,160 | 99.54 | 40.02 | LM | 2005 |
| 2007 | 3,433 | 98.66 | 40.37 | LM | ||
| 2011 | 3,640 | 99.70 | 41.46 | LM | ||
| 2015 | 5,635 | 99.75 | 43.87 | LM | ||
| Samoa | 2011 | 2,116 | 94.94 | 41.40 | LM | 2005 |
| 2017 | 960 | 98.02 | 33.23 | LM | ||
| Tonga | 2010 | 1,835 | 97.44 | 45.12 | LM | 2005 |
| 2017 | 1,599 | 98.25 | 48.03 | UM | ||
| Vanuatu | 2011 | 704 | 99.72 | 40.77 | LM | 2005 |
| 2016 | 1,225 | 99.10 | 41.06 | LM | ||
GSHS, Global school-based student health survey; H, High income; L, Low income; LM, Lower-middle income; UM, Upper-middle income; WHO, World Health Organization; WHO FCTC, World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
*Response rate is for the current smoking questions. Data are for participants aged 13–15 years.
**Country income level was categorized by World bank income category.
***Data were from http://www.who.int/fctc/signatories_parties/zh/.