Fig. 4.

Schematic Illustration of Assays Utilizing B/FRET for Detecting ER-ERE and GPER Interactions. (A) Showcases a FRET-based biosensor elucidating the interaction between ERα and coactivators upon ligand binding through the use of fluorescent proteins (77). (B) Utilizes a fluorescent dye-based approach to confirm the attachment of ER and coactivator complexes to estrogen response elements (ERE) (78). (C) Employs B/FRET to depict the interactions of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) with other membrane proteins (91): (Top) Use of FRET and FRET acceptor photobleaching methods to validate the creation of GPER and Kiss1R heterocomplexes. (Bottom) Implementation of BRET to affirm that interaction with Kiss1R elicits a conformational alteration in Kiss1R. europium (Eu), streptavidin (SA), biotin (B), luciferase (Luc), and fluorescent dye (FDy) are mentioned.