TABLE 1.

Summary of minoxidil applications in alopecia.

Condition	Form	Concentration	Efficacy	Side effects	Notes
Androgenetic alopecia 12 , 13	Topical	2%/5%	Superior to placebo, higher efficacy at 5%	Contact dermatitis, irritation	5% foam better tolerated
Androgenetic alopecia 14	Oral	Variable	Effective for non‐responders to topical form	Systemic side effects	Often combined with spironolactone
Alopecia areata 15 , 16	Topical	3%/5%	Moderate efficacy, better at higher doses	Mild local effects	Limited efficacy in widespread cases
Alopecia areata 17	Oral	5 mg	Higher rates of regrowth, but significant side effects	Systemic side effects	Used in resistant cases
Scarring alopecia 18	Topical	2%/5%	Beneficial in off‐label use	Contact dermatitis, irritation	Requires combination with other treatments
Eyebrows and beard 19	Topical	2%/5%	Effective in enhancing growth	Mild local effects	Off‐label use