TABLE 3.
Age‐ and multivariate‐adjusted associations between vitamin intake and NMSC. a
| Vitamin intake b | No. of cases | Age‐adjusted OR c , d (95% CI) | p‐value | Fully adjusted OR c , e (95% CI) | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total vitamin A | |||||
| 1st tertile [27–888] (reference) | 3087 | ‐ | ‐ | ||
| 2nd tertile [888–5162] | 3355 | 1.09 (1.03, 1.15) | <0.01 | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) | 0.26 |
| 3rd tertile [5162–80505] | 3390 | 1.10 (1.04, 1.16) | <0.01 | 0.98 (0.93, 1.04) | 0.55 |
| Dietary vitamin A | |||||
| 1st tertile [27–562] (ref) | 3042 | ‐ | ‐ | ||
| 2nd tertile [562–834] | 3381 | 1.12 (1.06, 1.18) | <0.01 | 1.08 (1.02, 1.14) | 0.01 |
| 3rd tertile [834–11320] | 3409 | 1.12 (1.06, 1.18) | <0.01 | 1.07 (1.01, 1.13) | 0.02 |
| Total retinol | |||||
| 1st tertile [6–474] (ref) | 3134 | ‐ | ‐ | ||
| 2nd tertile [474–1124] | 3344 | 1.07 (1.01, 1.13) | 0.01 | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) | 0.09 |
| 3rd tertile [1124–33420] | 3354 | 1.07 (1.01, 1.13) | 0.01 | 1.02 (0.96, 1.07) | 0.61 |
| Dietary retinol | |||||
| 1st tertile [1–286] (ref) | 3175 | ‐ | ‐ | ||
| 2nd tertile [286–476] | 3323 | 1.04 (0.99, 1.10) | 0.13 | 1.04 (0.99, 1.10) | 0.15 |
| 3rd tertile [476–10849] | 3334 | 1.04 (0.99, 1.10) | 0.13 | 1.07 (1.02, 1.14) | 0.01 |
| Dietary alpha‐carotene | |||||
| 1st tertile [0–18] (ref) | 3030 | ‐ | ‐ | ||
| 2nd tertile [18–34] | 3336 | 1.11 (1.05, 1.17) | <0.01 | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) | 0.08 |
| 3rd tertile [34–424] | 3466 | 1.15 (1.09, 1.22) | <0.01 | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | 0.19 |
| Total beta‐carotene | |||||
| 1st tertile [5–302] (ref) | 3034 | ‐ | ‐ | ||
| 2nd tertile [302–2420] | 3377 | 1.13 (1.07, 1.19) | <0.01 | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | 0.17 |
| 3rd tertile [2420–39436] | 3421 | 1.13 (1.07, 1.20) | <0.01 | 0.99 (0.94, 1.05) | 0.80 |
| Dietary beta‐carotene | |||||
| 1st tertile [5–182] (ref) | 2973 | ‐ | ‐ | ||
| 2nd tertile [182–313] | 3371 | 1.14 (1.08, 1.21) | <0.01 | 1.06 (1.00, 1.13) | 0.04 |
| 3rd tertile [313–4760] | 3488 | 1.18 (1.12, 1.25) | <0.01 | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | 0.16 |
| Dietary beta‐cryptoxanthin | |||||
| 1st tertile [0–4] (ref) | 2912 | ‐ | ‐ | ||
| 2nd tertile [4–7] | 3427 | 1.20 (1.13, 1.26) | <0.01 | 1.14 (1.07, 1.20) | <0.01 |
| 3rd tertile [7–42] | 3493 | 1.22 (1.15, 1.29) | <0.01 | 1.11 (1.05, 1.18) | <0.01 |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
Bolded values indicate two‐sided statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level.
Total intake includes intake via diet and supplements. Dietary intake is defined as consumption derived from food. All units are micrograms.
OR, odds ratio, assessed by logistic regression models.
Adjusted for age.
Adjusted for age, education, income, body mass index, smoking history, prior history of melanoma, prior history of non‐melanoma skin cancer, prior history of non‐skin cancer, family history of cancer, had last medical visit within 1 year, solar irradiation of the participant's geographic location of residence, skin reaction to sun exposure, average daily sun exposure in summer during childhood, average daily sun exposure in summer now and sunscreen use and sun protection factor (SPF).