Table 1.
Demographic and other characteristics breakdown of participants by depression/anxiety case status: independent and combined analysis (N = 571).
| Variable | Sample (n = 571) | ^Depression Case (n = 225) | ^^Anxiety Case (n = 229) | #Anxiety and Depression Case (n = 177) | Not a Case (n = 294) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | V | p | N (%) | V | p | N (%) | V | p | N (%) | V | p | |
| Gender | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.32 | 0.12 | 0.01* | |||||
| Male | 145 (25.4%) | 51 (22.7%) | 51 (22.3%) | 41 (23.2%) | 84 (28.6%) | ||||||||
| Female | 411 (72.0%) | 165 (73.3%) | 168 (73.4%) | 129 (72.9%) | 207 (70.4%) | ||||||||
| Other | 15 (2.3%) | 9 (4.0%) | 10 (4.4%) | 7 (4.0%) | 3 (1.0%) | ||||||||
| Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||||||||
| Age | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.19 | < 0.01* | 0.19 | < 0.01* | 0.14 | 0.11 | |||||
| 18 | 42 (7.4%) | 16 (7.1%) | 11 (4.8%) | 9 (5.0%) | 24 (8.2%) | ||||||||
| 19 | 77 (13.5%) | 26 (11.6%) | 33 (14.4%) | 23 (13.0%) | 41 (13.9%) | ||||||||
| 20 | 81 (14.2%) | 32 (14.2%) | 36 (15.7%) | 27 (15.3%) | 40 (13.6%) | ||||||||
| 21 | 74 (13.0%) | 34 (15.1%) | 40 (17.5%) | 33 (18.6%) | 33 (11.2%) | ||||||||
| 22-23 | 81 (14.2%) | 37 (16.4%) | 35 (15.3%) | 31 (17.5%) | 40 (13.6%) | ||||||||
| 24-31 | 84 (14.7%) | 41 (18.2%) | 38 (16.6%) | 29 (16.4%) | 34 (11.6%) | ||||||||
| 32+ | 94 (16.5%) | 27 (12.0%) | 25 (10.9%) | 16 (9.0%) | 58 (19.7%) | ||||||||
| Missing | 38 (6.7%) | 12 (5.3%) | 11 (4.8%) | 9 (5.1%) | 24 (8.2%) | ||||||||
| Race | 0.17 | 0.01* | 0.15 | 0.04* | 0.17 | 0.01* | 0.15 | 0.04* | |||||
| Caucasian | 355 (62.2%) | 123 (54.7%) | 138 (60.3%) | 100 (56.5%) | 194 (66.0%) | ||||||||
| African American | 74 (13.0%) | 43 (19.1%) | 40 (17.5%) | 35 (19.8%) | 27 (9.2%) | ||||||||
| Hispanic | 103 (18.0%) | 45 (20.0%) | 42 (18.3%) | 35 (19.8%) | 51 (17.3%) | ||||||||
| Asian | 7 (1.2%) | 3 (1.3%) | 3 (1.3%) | 3 (1.7%) | 4 (1.4%) | ||||||||
| American Indian | 5 (0.9%) | 3 (1.3%) | 2 (0.9%) | 1 (0.6%) | 1 (0.3%) | ||||||||
| East Indian | 2 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) |
1 (0.3%) | ||||||||
| Other | 24 (4.2%) | 8 (3.6%) | 3 (1.3%) | 3 (1.7%) | 16 (5.4%) | ||||||||
| Missing | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||||||||
| Parent/Guardian’s Education Level | 0.18 | <.01* | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.03* | 0.156 | 0.03* | |||||
| Some high school | 65 (11.4%) | 40 (17.8%) | 38 (16.6%) | 33 (18.6%) | 20 (6.8%) | ||||||||
| High school | 96 (16.8%) | 35 (15.6%) | 38 (16.6%) | 27 (15.3%) | 50 (17.0%) | ||||||||
| Some college | 119 (20.8%) | 44 (19.6%) | 43 (18.8%) | 36 (20.3%) | 68 (23.1%) | ||||||||
| Associate’s degree | 52 (9.1%) | 23 (10.2%) | 19 (8.3%) | 16 (9.0%) | 26 (8.8%) | ||||||||
| Bachelor’s degree | 154 (27.0%) | 58 (25.8%) | 59 (25.8%) | 45 (25.4%) | 82 (27.9%) | ||||||||
| Master’s degree | 67 (11.7%) | 20 (8.9%) | 27 (11.8%) | 16 (9.0%) | 26 (8.8%) | ||||||||
| Doctorate degree | 11 (1.9%) | 3 (1.3%) | 4 (1.8%) | 3 (1.7%) | 7 (2.4%) | ||||||||
| Missing | 7 (1.2%) | 2 (0.9%) | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.6%) | 15 (5.1%) | ||||||||
| Non-Traditional Students | 0.01 | 0.72 | 0.09 | 0.04* | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.025 | 0.55 | |||||
| Yes | 116 (20.3%) | 64 (28.4%) | 56 (24.5%) | 42 (23.7%) | 88 (29.9%) | ||||||||
| No | 396 (69.4%) | 159 (70.7%) | 171 (74.7%) | 133 (75.1%) | 199 (67.7%) | ||||||||
| Missing | 59 (10.3%) | 2 (0.9%) | 2 (0.9%) | 2 (1.1%) | 7 (2.4%) | ||||||||
| First Generation Students | 0.03 | 0.41 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.06 | 0.17 | 0.035 | 0.40 | |||||
| Yes | 254 (44.5%) | 95 (42.2%) | 94 (41.1%) | 71 (40.1%) | 136 (46.3%) | ||||||||
| No | 316 (55.3%) | 129 (57.3%) | 134 (58.5%) | 105 (59.2%) | 158 (53.7%) | ||||||||
| Missing | 1 (0.2%) |
1 (0.4%) |
1 (0.4%) |
1 (0.6%) |
0 (0.0%) |
||||||||
| Undergraduate Classification | 0.04 | 0.83 | 0.09 | 0.3 | 0.08 | 0.37 | 0.06 | 0.70 | |||||
| Freshman | 45 (7.9%) | 17 (7.6%) | 13 (5.7%) | 11 (6.2%) | 26 (8.8%) | ||||||||
| Sophomore | 91 (15.9%) | 34 (15.1%) | 41 (17.9%) | 27 (15.3%) | 43 (14.6%) | ||||||||
| Junior | 143 (25.0%) | 60 (26.7%) | 62 (27.1%) | 50 (28.3%) | 71 (24.1%) | ||||||||
| Senior | 172 (30.1%) | 73 (32.4%) | 74 (32.3%) | 63 (35.6%) | 88 (29.9%) | ||||||||
| Missing | 120 (21.0%) | 41 (18.2%) | 39 (17.0%) | 26 (14.7%) | 66 (22.4%) | ||||||||
| Degree Level | 0.07 | 0.45 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.02* | 0.065 | 0.49 | |||||
| Undergraduate | 409 (71.3%) | 170 (75.6%) | 177 (77.3%) | 142 (80.2%) | 204 (69.4%) | ||||||||
| Graduate | 144 (25.2%) | 49 (21.8%) | 46 (20.1%) | 32 (18.1%) | 81 (27.6%) | ||||||||
| Postgraduate | 14 (2.5%) | 5 (2.2%) |
6 (2.2%) |
3 (1.7%) | 6 (2.0%) |
||||||||
| Other | 3 (0.5%) | 1 (0.4%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
2 (0.7%) |
||||||||
| Missing | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
1 (0.3%) |
||||||||
| College | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.05* | 0.112 | 0.21 | |||||
| Agricultural and Environmental Sciences | 93 (16.3%) | 39 (17.3%) | 40 (17.5%) | 29 (16.4%) | 43 (14.6%) | ||||||||
| Business | 106 (18.6%) | 41 (18.2%) | 43 (18.8%) | 32 (18.1%) | 54 (18.4%) | ||||||||
| Education | 92 (16.1%) | 44 (19.6%) | 44 (19.2%) | 35 (19.8%) | 39 (13.3%) | ||||||||
| Health Sciences and Human Services | 123 (21.4%) | 38 (16.9%) | 38 (16.6%) | 25 (14.1%) | 72 (24.5%) | ||||||||
| Liberal and Fine Arts | 79 (13.8%) | 33 (14.7%) | 34 (14.9%) | 31 (17.5%) | 43 (14.6%) | ||||||||
| Science and Technology | 77 (13.5%) | 30 (13.3%) | 30 (13.1%) | 25 (14.1%) | 42 (14.3%) | ||||||||
| Missing | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.3%) | ||||||||
| Campus Residence | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.04* | |||||
| On-campus | 181 (31.7%) | 80 (35.6%) | 83 (36.2%) | 64 (36.2%) | 82 (27.9%) | ||||||||
| Off-campus | 389 (68.1%) | 144 (64.0%) | 145 (63.3%) | 112 (63.3%) | 212 (72.1%) | ||||||||
| Missing | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||||||||
| Health Insurance | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.53 | 0.05 | 0.2 | 0.05 | 0.29 | |||||
| Yes | 453 (79.3%) | 171 (76.0%) | 179 (78.2%) | 135 (76.3%) | 238 (81.0%) | ||||||||
| No | 117 (20.5%) | 54 (24.0%) | 50 (21.8%) | 42 (23.7%) | 55 (18.7%) | ||||||||
| Missing | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.3%) | ||||||||
^PHQ 9 >=10 (with or without anxiety); ^^GAD-7>=8 (with or without depression); # PHQ-9 <10 & GAD-7 >= 8; ^, ^^, # All measured as binary variables (yes/no).
*Statistically significant at p < 0.05.