Figure 3.

Muscle synergies for each of the data with and without dystonia. The spatial and temporal modules of muscle synergies are shown in the left and right panels, respectively. The red bars and lines indicate the spatial and temporal modules extracted from the data with dystonia, while the blue bars and lines indicate those from the data without dystonia. In the left panels, the bars represent muscle weights of rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), soleus (SOL), gastrocnemius (GAS), peroneus longus (PL), and extensor digitorum brevis (EDB), respectively, extracted from the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). The error bars represent the 95% CI in the data without dystonia. The r value indicates the cosine similarity between the muscle-weight vectors with and without dystonia. In the right panels, the activation coefficients in the NMF, or the temporal modules of muscle synergy, are shown 0.75 s before and after the metronome sound. The order of the muscle synergies (W₁–W₆) was sorted by the time of peak activation of the temporal modules.