Table 3.

Summary of meta-analysis results.

Variable	Number of studies	Sample size	Patients with SDB	Effect model	Pooled estimates (%)	95% CI	Heterogeneity
							I 2	p
Prevalence of SDB
Overall	76	5,713,479	196,809	Random	65.00%	0.60–0.70%	99.85	<0.001
Mild	14	2,853	869	Random	30.0%	23.0–37.0%	94.87	<0.001
Moderate–severe	9	1,297	655	Random	45.0%	33.0–57.0%	94.86	<0.001
Region
North America	22	5,704,419	190,386	Random	57.00%	46.0–68.0%	99.95	<0.001
Asia	24	4,563	3,490	Random	70.00%	62.0–78.0%	98.43	<0.001
Europe	27	3,955	2,544	Random	66.00%	59.0–73.0%	95.8	<0.001
Publication year
2010 ~ 2015	15	1,764	1,197	Random	70.00%	62.0–79.0%	94.49	<0.001
2016 ~ 2020	24	7,942	4,674	Random	62.00%	55.0–69.0%	97.97	<0.001
2021 ~ 2023	27	5,703,773	190,938	Random	65.00%	56.0–75.0%	99.85	<0.001
Phases of stroke
Acute phase	57	5,711,632	195,163	Random	65.00%	59.0–71.0%	99.85	<0.001
Subacute phase	6	19,222	9,006	Random	67.00%	56.0–78.0%	93.9	<0.001
Chronic phase	9	13,184	4,771	Random	55.00%	40.0–69.0%	98.32	<0.001
SDB assessment
PSG	51	13,685	5,671	Random	65.00%	62.0–73.0%	99.36	<0.001
Other criteria	25	5,713,188	196,596	Random	59.00%	50.0–65.0%	99.89	<0.001
Gender
Male ≤ 50%	8	5,740,057	207,038	Random	50.00%	24.0–78.0%	99.99	<0.001
Male > 50%	56	13,176	9,196	Random	66.00%	60.0–71.0%	99.29	<0.001
Study design
Design A	6	2,137	1,205	Random	72.00%	63.0–82.0%	93.18	<0.001
Design B	4	1,345	617	Random	50.00%	30.0–71.0%	97.63	<0.001
Design C	66	5,711,342	195,604	Random	65.05	60.0–70.0%	99.87	<0.001

SDB, sleep-disordered breathing; Design A: based on prospective cohort. Design B: longitudinal study. Design C: cross-sectional study.