Table 11.
Liquid biopsy in endocrine system cancers
| Cancer | Liquid biomarker | Origin | Tendency | Downstream target | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TC | CTCs | Peripheral blood | up | Early diagnostic biomarker | 421 | |
| CTCs | Peripheral blood | up | Efficacy monitoring biomarker | 422 | ||
| ctDNA mutation | Plasma | up | Efficacy monitoring biomarker | 425 | ||
| ctDNA | Plasma | up | Disease progression biomarker | 424 | ||
| BRAFV600E mutation | Plasma | up | Efficacy monitoring biomarker | 426 | ||
| RET M918T mutation | Plasma | up | Prognostic biomarker | 427 | ||
| BRAF(T1799A) mutation | Plasma | up | Disease progression biomarker | 428 | ||
| PIK3CA mutation | Peripheral blood | up | Prognostic biomarker | 429 | ||
| SLC5A8, SLC26A4 methylation | Plasma | up | BRAF | Early diagnostic biomarker | 418 | |
| ctDNA methylation | Serum | up | Early diagnostic biomarker, Tumor recurrence biomarker | 430 | ||
| miR-146b-5p, miR-21a-5p | Plasma exosome | up | Early diagnostic biomarker | 420 | ||
| miR-29a | Serum exosome | down | Early diagnostic biomarker, Prognostic biomarker | 431 | ||
| BRCA | CTCs | Peripheral blood | up | Prognostic biomarker, Efficacy monitoring biomarker | 452 | |
| TP53, PIK3CA, ESR1 mutation | Plasma | up | Efficacy monitoring biomarker | 436 | ||
| ctDNA mutation | Plasma | up | Efficacy monitoring biomarker, Tumor recurrence biomarker | 437 | ||
| PIK3CA mutation | Plasma | up | Early diagnostic biomarker, Efficacy monitoring biomarker, Tumor recurrence biomarker | 438 | ||
| miR-1246, miR-21 | Plasma exosome | up | Early diagnostic biomarker | 441 | ||
| miR-101, miR-372 | Serum exosome | up | Early diagnostic biomarker | 442 | ||
| miR-106a-3p, miR-106a-5p, miR-20b-5p, miR-92a-2-5p | Serum exosome, Plasma exosome | up | Early diagnostic biomarker | 443 |