Table 1.
Study variables.
| Variables | Definition/Notes |
|---|---|
| Burnout | (a) I enjoy my work. I have no symptoms of burnout; (b) I am under stress, and do not always have as much energy as I did, but I do not feel burned out; (c) I am definitely burning out and have one or more symptoms of burnout; (d) The symptoms of burnout that I am experiencing will not go away. I think about work frustrations a lot; (e) I feel completely burned out. I am at the point where I may need to seek help. Burnout yes (responses c–e) versus no (a, b). |
| Individual | |
| Sociodemographic | Male versus Female |
| Non-Hispanic White versus not | |
| Physician versus not | |
| At least 5 years versus not | |
| Personality | Providers described themselves as having a high level of compassion for patients versus not. |
| Based on the following Likert scale questions: I″ control my emotions by not expressing them;” “I tend to focus more on the positive aspects of my life than the negative;” “It is hard for me to snap back when something bad happens;” “I usually come through difficult times with little trouble (responses were recoded to reflect positive coping, summed into a composite score ranging 0 to 4 and then categorized as positive (<2) versus not (<2). Scores greater than 2 were considered as a positive coping style). | |
| Skills | Perceived skills and expertise to function in role; Perceived proficiency with electronic health records |
| Values | Alignment of providers’ professional values with their department leaders. |
| Agency | Perceived control over their workload |
| Attitudes | Satisfaction with their current job; If they liked going to work |
| Interpersonal | |
| Marital status | Married versus not. |
| Family | Had child(ren) versus none |
| Social support | Has at least two confidants for work related stress |
| Workplace relationships | Felt irritability toward co-workers in the past year; Presence of rewarding relationships with trainees/ colleagues, and Perception that the care team works efficiently together. |
| Organizational | |
| Specialty | Surgery, pediatrics/ obstetrics & gynecology, medicine, and other specialty |
| Workload | Lack of excessive administrative duties; Sufficient time for documentation; Feeling overworked |
| Turnover | Whether turnover was a significant problem in their practice |
| Culture | Description of work environment as either hectic or chaotic; Knowledge of organizational efforts to promote wellbeing; Receiving minimal support at work regarding coping with stress; and Reporting four or more positive experiences related to their job in the past year. |
| Military | |
| Service branch | Air Force, Army, Navy, Others |
| Length of service | At least 10 years versus less |
| Deployments | Any versus none |
| Culture | Report of military- related stress |
| Advancement | Happiness with career path and promotion plan |
| Compensation | Stressed by compensation or financial concerns. |