Table 3.
Relation Between Victim, Assailant, Victimization Incident, Support Characteristics, and Reporting to the Police Among Victims Attending One of the Three Belgian SACCs Between October 25, 2017 and October 31, 2018 (Unadjusted Logistic Regression Analyses).
| All victims | Victims attending for (attempted) rape within one week that underwent a forensic examination | Victims not referred by the police | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Explanatory factors | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Crude odds ratio (95% CI) | p-value |
| Age | ||||||
| Child (0–12) | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Adolescent (13–17) | 1.83 (1.06–3.18) | .03 | 0.33 (0.02–1.96) | .312 | 1.61 (0.86–3) | .136 |
| Adult (≥18) | 1.01 (0.66–1.53) | .975 | 0.17 (0.01–0.85) | .089 | 0.81 (0.5–1.31) | .383 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Male | 0.63 (0.4–0.99) | .041 | 0.72 (0.33–1.75) | .429 | 0.61 (0.35–1.06) | .082 |
| Prior sexual assault | ||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Yes | 1.03 (0.76–1.39) | .861 | 1.07 (0.62–1.86) | .822 | 1.21 (0.84–1.75) | .299 |
| Unknown | 0.88 (0.58–1.35) | .554 | 1.13 (0.47–3.16) | .803 | 0.96 (0.57–1.62) | .876 |
| Disability | ||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Cognitive and/or physical disability | 1.91 (1.11–3.47) | .025 | 1.67 (0.69–4.99) | .3 | 2.31 (1.22–4.58) | .012 |
| Resident status | ||||||
| Documented | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Undocumented | 0.38 (0.17–0.83) | .015 | 0.13 (0.02–0.8) | .028 | 0.62 (0.25–1.43) | .267 |
| Self-reported use of alcohol/drug before/during assault* | ||||||
| Yes | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| No | 1.55 (1.02–2.38) | .041 | 1.54 (0.91–2.62) | .11 | 1.68 (1.03–2.78) | .04 |
| Not questioned | Excl | Excl | Excl | |||
| Reported physical violence* | ||||||
| Moderate to severe | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Light | 0.63 (0.31–1.23) | .176 | 0.52 (0.25–1.05) | .072 | 0.88 (0.4–1.92) | .757 |
| No | 0.33 (0.18–0.58) | <.001 | 0.45 (0.23–0.86) | .018 | 0.58 (0.29–1.11) | .109 |
| Not questioned | Excl | Excl | Excl | |||
| Form of sexual assault | ||||||
| Rape | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Sexual intimidation | 1.33 (0.4–5.97) | .672 | Excl | 1.94 (0.53–9.12) | .342 | |
| Physical sexual assault without penetration | 2.19 (1.34–3.73) | .003 | Excl | 1.29 (0.7–2.46) | .42 | |
| Attempted rape | 1.59 (0.75–3.77) | .253 | 1.46 (0.48–6.3) | .551 | 1.66 (0.63–4.87) | .319 |
| Unknown | 0.29 (0.2–0.42) | <.001 | Excl | 0.39 (0.25–0.59) | <.001 | |
| Victim–assailant relationship | ||||||
| Stranger | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| (Ex-) partner | 1.50 (0.94–2.44) | .097 | 1.99 (0.86–5.2) | .127 | 1.96 (1.15–3.41) | .015 |
| Family or household member | 0.76 (0.48–1.22) | .248 | 4.23 (0.82–77.53) | .169 | 1.07 (0.62–1.85) | .809 |
| Acquaintance | 0.84 (0.61–1.15) | .273 | 0.78 (0.44–1.37) | .386 | 1.06 (0.71–1.57) | .785 |
| Unknown | 0.43 (0.15–1.19) | .098 | Excl | 0.79 (0.23–2.55) | .689 | |
| Presence of confidant during acute care | ||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Yes | 1.7 (1.28–2.25) | <.001 | 1.43 (0.85–2.4) | .018 | 2.19 (1.54–3.12) | <.001 |
| Medical care | ||||||
| Yes | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| No | 0.97 (0.71–1.33) | .841 | 2.91 (0.84–18.3) | .152 | 0.99 (0.67–1.46) | .961 |
| Forensic examination | ||||||
| Yes | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| No | 0.25 (0.19–0.33) | <.001 | Excl | 0.39 (0.28–0.55) | <.001 | |
| Delay of presentation at SACC | ||||||
| 72 h | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| >72 h to 1 week | 0.75 (0.46–1.26) | .267 | 0.42 (0.21–0.88) | .017 | 1.16 (0.66–2.09) | .609 |
| >1 week to 1 month | 0.37 (0.22–0.62) | <.001 | Excl | 0.73 (0.42–1.29) | .283 | |
| >1 month | 0.24 (0.15–0.37) | <.001 | Excl | 0.52 (0.33–0.84) | .007 | |
| Unknown | 0.19 (0.1–0.33) | <.001 | Excl | 0.33 (0.17–0.64) | .001 | |
| SACC site | ||||||
| Bruxelles | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Gent | 2.36 (1.66–3.38) | <.001 | 2.91 (1.53–5.79) | .002 | 2.16 (1.4–3.35) | .001 |
| Liège | 1.94 (1.36–2.79) | <.001 | 2.26 (1.2–4.45) | .014 | 2.45 (1.62–3.76) | <.001 |
(*) For the subgroup “all victims” this analysis was only performed on those who underwent a forensic examination (N = 564).