Table 1.
Baseline characteristics between the ARNI and the control groups.
| Variables | Control (n = 55) | ARNI (n = 47) | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 61.45 ± 14.81 | 56.81 ± 13.24 | 0.100 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 33 (60.0) | 30 (63.8) | 0.692 |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 | 23.49 ± 3.33 | 23.71 ± 4.05 | 0.758 |
| Duration of PD, months | 21.06 (8.00, 37.00) | 7.07 (5.00, 24.00) | 0.043 |
| SBP, mmHg | 144.98 ± 30.16 | 156.36 ± 25.50 | 0.044 |
| DBP, mmHg | 80.91 ± 14.31 | 86.89 ± 15.20 | 0.043 |
| Disease history, n (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 21 (38.2) | 25 (53.2) | 0.163 |
| Hypertension | 54 (98.2) | 47 (100.0) | 0.129 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 15 (27.3) | 11 (23.4) | 0.655 |
| Medications | |||
| Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 46 (83.6) | 39 (83.0) | 0.929 |
| β-blockers, n (%) | 22 (40.0) | 21 (44.7) | 0.633 |
| α-blockers, n (%) | 16 (29.1) | 18 (38.3) | 0.325 |
| Diuretic, n (%) | 14 (25.4) | 12 (25.5) | 0.993 |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 35 (63.6) | 0 (0.0) | – |
| Dialysis parameters | |||
| Total weekly Kt/V | 1.89 ± 0.36 | 1.82 ± 0.42 | 0.386 |
| Weekly PD Kt/V | 1.47 ± 0.36 | 1.52 ± 0.41 | 0.603 |
| Weekly renal Kt/V | 0.34 (0.00, 0.70) | 0.20 (0.00, 0.56) | 0.217 |
| Ultrafiltration, mL | 600.00 (400.00, 900.00) | 600.00 (260.00, 1010.00) | 0.810 |
| Urinary output, mL | 400.00 (0.00, 800.00) | 500.00 (0.00, 900.00) | 0.910 |
| 4h Scr D/P | 0.67 ± 0.11 | 0.69 ± 0.13 | 0.385 |
| The number of 2.5% dialysis solution exchanges | 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 1.00 (0.00, 2.00) | 0.361 |
| The number of 1.5% dialysis solution exchanges | 2.00 (1.50, 2.50) | 3.00 (2.00, 3.00) | 0.079 |
| Hb, g/L | 99.23 ± 18.68 | 102.09 ± 22.77 | 0.490 |
| Alb, g/L | 33.73 ± 4.86 | 31.32 ± 3.72 | 0.007 |
| Scr, μmol/L | 856.73 ± 252.26 | 890.96 ± 302.87 | 0.537 |
| SUA, μmol/L | 386.96 ± 90.26 | 359.84 ± 101.91 | 0.164 |
| BUN, mmol/L | 19.42 ± 5.06 | 19.84 ± 5.94 | 0.705 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 4.86 (4.02, 6.33) | 4.52 (3.57, 6.14) | 0.764 |
| ALT, U/L | 12.00 (9.00, 18.18) | 13.00 (8.95, 18.00) | 0.940 |
| AST, U/L | 17.00 (13.00, 22.00) | 16.00 (11.40, 21.25) | 0.419 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.25 (4.70, 6.85) | 5.77 (5.00, 7.91) | 0.093 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.35 ± 1.53 | 6.49 ± 1.34 | 0.647 |
| Calcium, mmol/L | 2.30 ± 0.49 | 2.19 ± 0.25 | 0.171 |
| Phosphorus, mmol/L | 1.58 ± 0.45 | 1.73 ± 0.71 | 0.213 |
| iPTH, pmol/L | 134.00 (81.22, 382.20) | 156.55 (94.45 310.48) | 0.951 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.02 ± 0.28 | 1.00 ± 0.34 | 0.753 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.43 ± 1.02 | 2.44 ± 1.01 | 0.951 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.02 (2.78, 5.56) | 3.97 (3.24, 4.99) | 0.613 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.74 (1.26, 3.03) | 1.39 (1.04, 1.95) | 0.060 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 6,080.00 (3677.00, 14055.50) | 6,521.00 (3574.00, 20700.00) | 0.445 |
| Cardiac structure | |||
| LVEF, % | 62.11 ± 6.37 | 58.23 ± 8.67 | 0.023 |
| IVS, mm | 10.35 ± 1.84 | 10.55 ± 1.98 | 0.652 |
| LVDs, mm | 34.10 ± 5.08 | 34.18 ± 5.89 | 0.948 |
| LVDd, mm | 49.35 ± 9.54 | 50.32 ± 5.88 | 0.590 |
| LAD, mm | 40.26 ± 7.53 | 40.73 ± 5.96 | 0.764 |
| AOD, mm | 30.39 ± 3.86 | 30.82 ± 3.18 | 0.643 |
Quantitative data was expressed as median with interquartile range (IQR) or mean ± standard deviation (SD), categorical data was presented as frequencies and percentages [n (%)]. Bold indicates significance at p < 0.05.
Abbreviations: ARNI, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PD, peritoneal dialysis; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; 4h Scr D/P, 4-h ratio of creatinine concentration in dialysate to plasma; Weekly Kt/V, weekly fractional clearance index for urea; Hb, Hemoglobin; Alb, albumin ; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Scr, serum creatinine; SUA, serum uric acid; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone; eGFR, estimate glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide ; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fractions; IVS, interventricular septum; LVDs, left ventricular end-systolic dimension; LVDd, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LAD, left atrium diameter; AOD, aortic root diameter.
The difference in the change between the ARNI and the control groups.