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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Dec 2.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022 Sep 28;190:114554. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114554

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

a) Scheme of the NIR-mediated photoswitching of the spiropyran polymer and subsequent hydrophobic-hydrophilic transition on the designed UCNP nanoconstructs to induce on-demand small-molecule release. b) Early neuronal markers expression in control human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural stem cells, and cells exposed to retinoic acid loaded nanoparticles (UCNO-RA) without (−808 nm NIR) and with (808 nm NIR) light stimulation. Blue: nucleus; Red: TUJ1 neuronal marker. Scale bar = 100 μm; inset scale bar = 25 μm. c) Scheme of the preparation of P3HT micro/nanofibers and P3HT-patterned surface for PC12 cell culture. d) Laser scanning confocal microscopy images of neuron-like pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells stained for actin cytoskeleton and cultured on ITO-coated glass surfaces patterned with 3 μm wide stripes of P3HT with and without LED illumination. e) Light-switchable tether (LST) scheme. The LST consists of N-terminal SpyTag to covalently link to SpyCatcher immobilized on glass and C-terminal RGD to bind to integrin. When pdDronpa dimer is formed, repeats of elastin-like peptide (ELPn) are sequestered. Length of LST can be switched between long and short states upon 488 and 405 nm illumination and pdDronpa dissociation and association. f) Spatially control of human MSCs differentiation with light. Scheme of the photomask used to spatially regulate adhesion and differentiation of human MSCs and immunofluorescent images after 10 days differentiation. Nuclei, osteogenic differentiation marker RNX2 and adipogenic differentiation marker PPARγ are shown in blue, green and red respectively. g) Normalized average fluorescent intensities of RNX2 (green) and PPARγ (red) along the horizontal path (yellow dotted line) shown in (f). a)-c) Adapted with permission from [106]. Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society. c)-d) Adapted with permission from [109]. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. e)-g) Adapted with permission from [114]. Copyright 2021 Wiley.